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The article aims to analyse the motivation and perception of security among the members of pro-defence organisations in Poland. The multidimensionality of threats and challenges in the area of national and international security necessitates the use of all forces and means. This also applies to using the potential, interest, and involvement of specific people within the state security system. In the case of Poland, a large role is played by numerous pro-defence organisations with many members, including young people. In the last few years, a large number of events with a direct impact on the sense of national and international security have occurred. This article attempts to perform a comparative analysis by considering the perspectives in 2018 and in 2022, which are based on an original survey of a selected group of respondents.

The collapse of the Cold-War order in Europe brought about a radical change in the global security system. The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the disbandment of the Warsaw Pact created a situation where the only serious and effective guarantee of stability in Europe was NATO. Central European states, which until that time had been subordinated to the USSR, unequivocally and consistently chose to pursue the Euro-Atlantic direction in their security policy. The decision resulted in their gaining full, even though gradual, membership in the Alliance during the years 1999–2004. The accession process was first completed by the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Central Europe is not free from dangers stemming from national and supranational transformations. NATO is facing the need to increase its activity and systematically ensure joint cooperation and security guarantees as regards all its member states. This is primarily caused by a revival of Russia's superpower ambitions under the presidency of Vladimir Putin and an escalation of terrorism and cyberspace threats. The decisions and practical actions related to biennial NATO summits are of vital importance in this respect. The text presented here is an analysis of the security of Central Europe within NATO structures in the light of the last three NATO summits: in Newport in 2014, in Warsaw in 2016 and in Brussels in 2018.

The problems faced in the first decade of the 21st century by the integrating Europe are quite serious and require an effective action. The above is true for both economic, political and social issues. Economic dilemmas are best seen in the Economic and Monetary Union, competitiveness and economic growth. Their importance has been raised even higher by the now overwhelming global economic downturn. Political issues are invariably connected with the future vision of the European Union, and relate, among others, to the identity, security, stability and prominence of individual states. The formal empowerments of the EU remain debatable, especially when seen through the context of (non)ratification of the EU Constitution and the Lisbon Treaty. Social problems focus mainly on the demographic decline, illegal immigration, dissimilation, inequalities in life quality, etc. The EU has to be constantly guided by the demand that these difficulties are effectively surmounted.

Purpose: The paper presents the specifics of development, crises and the postulates of correcting and making modern the social, political, and post-industrial systems that have been shaped over the years. Around 200 years ago, three modern social regulation systems arose, the modern state, the market state, and the civil society. All these systems are currently undergoing a deep crisis. New questions are being asked about a vision for a system that would be able to replace or successfully reform them. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis will cover both theoretical and practical issues occurring at the state level and in the international dimension. In achieving the research goal, the authors systematized the systems for regulating the society. The undertaken analysis and an overview of the literature points to complementarity and an interdisciplinary approach to these problems. Findings: The above-selected fragments concerning the systems for regulating the society prompt us to present some general reflections and conclusions. They result from the research assumptions and systematizing the subject matter we come up with formulated answers to the questions. They are selected possibilities in summarizing the vision of society and its citizens. Practical Implications: Associations, foundations, social associations, and solidarity groups undertake their activities in the interests of the common good. The effectiveness of these entities is great. However, we can more and more often see the temptation to limit their role and subjectivity or even draw them into an often-barren political discourse, although, is not the best way. We can all do better in this area. Originality/Value: The conclusions are limited to the purpose and scope of the research presented in the article and can be a starting point for further similar analyzes. ; peer-reviewed