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Questo articolo sintetizza le implicazioni che l'incremento del livello di deregolazione del mercato del lavoro e della flessibilitŕ hanno avuto sui giovani in Gran Bretagna negli ultimi decenni. La sintesi dei dati offerti si sofferma sulla transizione scuola-lavoro e la qualitŕ del primo impiego ottenuto, la percezione dell'insicurezza del lavoro, il salario ottenuto e le prospettive di promozione, i rischi di disoccupazione e le opportunitŕ di uscita da questi stato, i rischi di mobilitŕ discendente, la formazione di una unione di coppia e la transizione alla paternitŕ/maternitŕ.

In contemporary societies, the growing need for flexibility and its impact on labour markets are highly debated. The deregulation of labour markets has led to a growing proportion of workers in various atypical employment relationships, such as temporary jobs. In this respect Spain stands out, from a European perspective, as a country that has experienced a fast and intense shift from one of the most rigid employment protection systems to a highly flexible labour market with an extraordinarily high proportion of temporary employees. The Spanish labour market is highly segmented with 'insiders' in permanent positions, and 'outsiders' (unemployed and inactive) and work-insecure employees in temporary posts, particularly among youth. This article attempts to gauge the impact of increasing flexibility on transitions to adulthood in Spain. Using the Spanish European Community Household Panel, the analysis concentrates on three interrelated transitions: labour market entry, first marriage and first parenthood. Previous contributions have well elaborated the repercussions of non-employment. What makes this study distinct is the particular focus on precarious employment relationships and individuals' perception of job security. The results give a first indication that the type of employment relationship and the perception of job security seem to matter in the studied transition processes.

The central theoretical assumption is that work-to-family conflicts are having a direct impact on parental self-efficacy, and thus, play an important role within the parent-child relationship. This study examines relationships between work-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy, taking into account two potential moderators: gender and cultural differences between East and West Germany. We analyze data on 1746 employed mothers and fathers from three waves of the Pairfam study (2013, 2015, 2017), using cross-lagged panel models. The findings suggest that gender and cultural background moderate the relationship between work-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy, provided that the risk of reverse causality bias is not ignored. The findings show that work-to-family conflicts are associated with lower levels of parental self-efficacy for women, especially in West Germany. Future research can serve to illustrate how relationships between work-to-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy affect children's well-being and parent-child relationships.

Objective: This study investigates the extent to which employed mothers and fathers scale back on working hours or job pressures in response to work-to-family conflicts (WFC). Background: Drawing on the concept of adaptive family strategies, it is assumed that WFC is an antecedent to a reduction in work demands. Considering partners' gender ideology net of other resources and characteristics, we can expect to see gender differences in the adoption of this strategy. Relatively little research has been conducted on associations among WFC, gender ideology, gender, and work-related coping strategies. Method: We use six waves of the German Family Panel (pairfam, release 11.0), covering the survey years 2012-2019, to examine the effect of WFC and gender ideology on employed mothers' and fathers' work-related coping strategies (N=791 mothers and N=1292 fathers). OLS regression is used to estimate the effect of WFC at and gender ideology on changes in job pressure and working hours between and . Results: Parents who experience WFC are more likely to reduce their job pressure and less likely to scale back on working hours. Gender differences in the reaction between mothers and fathers on WFC only occur in connection with traditional gender ideology. Conclusion: Scaling back seems not to be a commonly used strategy to react to WFC.

Objective: The study investigates how partner support affects different types of work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts in dual-earner couples divided by gender and parenthood. Background: In Germany, as in other Western Countries, interrole conflicts between work and family increase, especially within dual-earner couples. Only few studies focused on the effects of partner support on different types of these conflicts. Method: We use longitudinal data deriving from waves 6 to 10 of the German Family Panel (pairfam) to uncover the extent to which the perception of having a supportive partner reduces time- and strain-based work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. We conduct longitudinal structural equation models based on information of 1,252 persons, which are full-time employed and live in a dual-earner relationship. Results: Whereas for men partner support helps reduce stress-based work-to-family conflicts, for women perceived partner support is not beneficial. Within a subsample of parents, the experience of work-to-family conflicts is likely irrespective of partner support. Overall, women's family-to-work conflicts appear to be reduced by their partners' support whereas for men this detrimental effect only applies in the case of stress-based family-to-work conflicts. Conclusion: To sum up the findings, the differences for men and women in the effect of partner support on different types of interrole conflicts indicate a still existing impact of traditional gender norms that connect femininity to house work and masculinity to employed work.

In Germany, like in many other countries, much of the research on technological changes and their consequences has been devoted to investigating the field of industrial production. A shortcoming of this research is that many female-dominated occupations are excluded per se from consideration. However, whether and to what extent men's and women's perceptions of technological changes in their workplace differ is an important subject of debate. This article addresses the following questions: To what extent are men and women experiencing changes in the technologies of their workplace? Are women less likely to experience such changes? Do men and women anticipate to differing degrees a threat to their future job security and the skills demanded of them? And do they expect technological changes in their workplace to impact their health or work performance demands? The analysis, based on data from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP, 2015-2017), compares men and women across gender-typical and gender-atypical occupations and identifies conditions that increase or decrease perceived risks of technological change at work. The results indicate that technological change is perceived as most threatening in female-dominated occupations, and especially by women.

"Mit Blick auf geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheiten innerhalb von Familien untersuchen wir den Einfluss von unterstützendem Erziehungsverhalten auf den sozio-ökonomischen Status des angestrebten Berufs von Jugendlichen. Ausgehend von Theorien und Erkenntnissen geschlechtsspezifischer Sozialisationsforschung prüfen wir, ob sich der Einfluss der unterstützenden Erziehung in den vier geschlechtsspezifischen Eltern-Kind-Dyaden unterscheidet und wie sich eine Ungleichbehandlung von Geschwistern durch die Eltern auswirkt. Als Datengrundlage verwenden wir die Jugend- Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (2001-2013). Mit Hilfe multivariater Regressionsmodelle zeigen wir, dass insbesondere die Unterstützung des Vaters für die Entwicklung der beruflichen Ziele relevant ist. Jungen profitieren zudem davon, wenn sich der Vater stärker engagiert als die Mutter, wobei es sich für Frauen positiv auswirkt, wenn sich beide Eltern gleichermaßen in der Unterstützung des Kindes engagieren. Der Effekt der Ungleichbehandlung von Geschwistern zeigt sich in Geschwister Fixed-Effects-Modellen insbesondere bei gleichgeschlechtlichen Geschwistern." (Autorenreferat)

"Als wichtiger Kontext, in dem Aufstiegschancen, aber auch -hindernisse generiert werden, gilt die Partnerschaft. Der Artikel knüpft mit Daten des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels an Forschung zu 'coupled careers' an und fokussiert insbesondere auf Status-Homogamie und soziale Unterstützungsleistungen als mögliche karriereförderliche Aspekte von Partnerschaften. Die Analyse von erwerbstätigen Frauen und Männern in Doppelverdiener- Partnerschaften verdeutlicht, dass insbesondere Männer häufig in hohe berufliche Positionen aufsteigen, wenn sie und ihre Partnerin im gleichen Berufsfeld arbeiten und beide eine hohe Bildung aufweisen. Dies kann mit sozialkapitaltheoretischen Überlegungen erklärt werden, die von einem partnerschaftlichen Austausch beruflicher Netzwerke, Wissenstransfers und Verständnis gerade bei dem Vorliegen einer solchen Status-Homoganie. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Analyseergebnisse, dass insbesondere für Frauen die soziale Unterstützung durch den Partner wichtig ist, um eine hohe berufliche Position zu erreichen. So steigen Frauen signifikant häufiger auf, wenn sie angeben, dass ihr Partner sie im beruflichen Fortkommen unterstützt, und wenn er den höheren Anteil an Hausarbeit verrichtet. Da die partnerschaftliche Hausarbeitsteilung in Deutschland nach wie vor stark zu Lasten der Frauen geht, spielt ein solcher 'support gap' zur Erklärung der Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen in hohen beruflichen Positionen eine entscheidende Rolle, wie die Analyse verdeutlicht." (Autorenreferat)

Many economic and social surveys are designed as panel studies, which provide important data for describing social changes and testing causal relations between social phenomena. This textbook shows how to manage, describe, and model these kinds of data. It presents models for continuous and categorical dependent variables, focusing either on the level of these variables at different points in time or on their change over time. It covers fixed and random effects models, models for change scores and event history models. All statistical methods are explained in an application-centered style using research examples from scholarly journals, which can be replicated by the reader through data provided on the accompanying website. As all models are compared to each other, it provides valuable assistance with choosing the right model in applied research. The textbook is directed at master and doctoral students as well as applied researchers in the social sciences, psychology, business administration and economics. Readers should be familiar with linear regression and have a good understanding of ordinary least squares estimation