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This article aims to explore the level playing field issue in the framework of the post-Brexit deal. The article seeks to understand why this matter became a major issue on EU international agreements, by studying what the level playing field is about, what its main political and economic purposes are and why the European Union was so determined about it in the negotiations with the British Government. Then it analyses how the topics of State aid and regulatory alignment with EU labor and social standards and with EU environmental rules were settled in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement signed between the European Union and the United Kingdom by the end of 2020.

Discusses methodological differences between federalists and functionalists over integration, the legal and political meaning of transition from confederation to federation, and constitutional agreement over respective competences of the federation and of member states; European Union. Summary in English p. 255.