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This article explores the way in which wine came to be viewed as a quintessentially 'Italian' beverage among Italy's middle- and upper-class households during fascism's twenty years in power. Due to significant increases in wine consumption among the labouring classes during the years immediately following the First World War, wine, as a general category of beverage, had become closely associated within the minds of many bourgeois and wealthy consumers with the country's popular taverns and saloons, alcoholism and physical and moral 'degeneration.' In response, fascist Italy's typical wine growers, merchants and industrialists worked feverishly to rehabilitate the beverage's downtrodden reputation via a series of wide-ranging public relations and collective marketing campaigns during the 1920s and 1930s. By promoting the beverage's hygienic and alimentary qualities, as well as systematically intertwining the moderate consumption of the peninsula's standardised wines with the dictatorship's nationalisation and popular mobilisation programmes, this article will show, the Industrial Wine Lobby successfully re-established 'wine's honour' and, simultaneously, recontextualised the country's typical wines as Italy's wholesome, family-friendly, 'national beverage'.

"One of the fundamental principles of cooperatives is that they are controlled democratically by the members who use them. 'Democratic' is defined as one vote per member, regardless of investment in or volume of business conducted with the cooperative. Farmers have indicated in surveys that they recognize and support the concept. At the same time, however, farmers often charge that cooperatives are not member controlled. This publication was designed to help members and managers understand what control means and how it is exercised."--First page. ; C. Brice Ratchford and Brian Griffith (Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture) ; New 4/86/6M

One of the fundamental principles of cooperatives is that they are controlled democratically by the members who use them. 'Democratic' is defined as one vote per member, regardless of investment in or volume of business conducted with the cooperative. Farmers have indicated in surveys that they recognize and support the concept. At the same time, however, farmers often charge that cooperatives are not member controlled. This publication was designed to help members and managers understand what control means and how it is exercised. ; New 4/86, Reprinted 3/95/5M.