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The article deals with the Belarusian school system in Latvia under German occupation. Belarusians were one of the most numerous minorities in that country, both in the inter-war period and during World War Two. In German-occupied Latvia, Belarusian nationality was declared by more than 50,000 people. For political reasons, the occupation authorities allowed Belarusian schools to operate in areas with significant Belarusian population. As a result, thirty-five primary schools, two middle schools, and one secondary agricultural school, employing about a hundred teachers in total, were opened. These schools were attended by a few thousand pupils, the majority of which were children of petty and landless peasants. The Belarusian school system struggled because of numerous material issues.

The article deals with the Belarusian school system in Latvia under German occupation. Belarusians were one of the most numerous minorities in that country, both in the inter-war period and during World War Two. In German-occupied Latvia, Belarusian nationality was declared by more than 50,000 people. For political reasons, the occupation authorities allowed Belarusian schools to operate in areas with significant Belarusian population. As a result, thirty-five primary schools, two middle schools, and one secondary agricultural school, employing about a hundred teachers in total, were opened. These schools were attended by a few thousand pupils, the majority of which were children of petty and landless peasants. The Belarusian school system struggled because of numerous material issues. ; Artykuł traktuje o szkolnictwie białoruskim na Łotwie pod okupacją niemiecką. Bialorusini należeli do najliczniejszej mniejszości na Łotwie zarówno w okresie międzywojennym, jak i w czasie II wojny światowej. W okupowanej przez Niemców Łotwie narodowość białoruską podało blisko 50 tys. ludzi. Ze względów politycznych władz okupacyjne zezwoliły na funkcjonowanie szkolnictwa białoruskiego w regionach zamieszkałych przez ludność białoruską. W wyniku otwarto 35 szkół podstawowych, dwa gimnazja i jedną średnią szkołę rolniczą, w których pracowało ok. 100 nauczycieli. Do szkół białoruskich uczęszczało kilka tysięcy uczniów, większość których stanowili dzieci małorolnych i bezrolnych chłopów. Szkolnictwo białoruskie borykało się z wieloma problemami natury materialnej.

The article deals with the Belarusian school system in Latvia under German occupation. Belarusians were one of the most numerous minorities in that country, both in the inter-war period and during World War Two. In German-occupied Latvia, Belarusian nationality was declared by more than 50,000 people. For political reasons, the occupation authorities allowed Belarusian schools to operate in areas with significant Belarusian population. As a result, thirty-five primary schools, two middle schools, and one secondary agricultural school, employing about a hundred teachers in total, were opened. These schools were attended by a few thousand pupils, the majority of which were children of petty and landless peasants. The Belarusian school system struggled because of numerous material issues. ; Artykuł traktuje o szkolnictwie białoruskim na Łotwie pod okupacją niemiecką. Bialorusini należeli do najliczniejszej mniejszości na Łotwie zarówno w okresie międzywojennym, jak i w czasie II wojny światowej. W okupowanej przez Niemców Łotwie narodowość białoruską podało blisko 50 tys. ludzi. Ze względów politycznych władz okupacyjne zezwoliły na funkcjonowanie szkolnictwa białoruskiego w regionach zamieszkałych przez ludność białoruską. W wyniku otwarto 35 szkół podstawowych, dwa gimnazja i jedną średnią szkołę rolniczą, w których pracowało ok. 100 nauczycieli. Do szkół białoruskich uczęszczało kilka tysięcy uczniów, większość których stanowili dzieci małorolnych i bezrolnych chłopów. Szkolnictwo białoruskie borykało się z wieloma problemami natury materialnej.

The subject of this study is the activity of the Belarusians in the General
Government in 1940–1945. Belarusians were the fifth largest ethnic group in the
GG. The German occupation authorities, applying the principle of "divide and conquer", were ready to give Belarusians some freedom in the sphere of culture,
religion and economy. In 1940, the Belarusian Committee was established in
Warsaw, with branches in Biała Podlaska and Kraków. The majority of committee
members were Belarusians and Poles – prisoners of war and refugees from the
Soviet occupation zone of Poland. As a priority of this organization, cultural,
educational and religious activities among the Belarusians in the General
Government were recognized. The activists of the committee managed to create
a school in Warsaw and two parishes (Orthodox and Catholic). Belarusian
activities faced some difficulties. Serious problems for the Belarusians Committee
caused the activities of Ukrainian organizations in the GG. One of the episodes
in the history of the Belarusian Committee is the cooperation of its activists with
German military intelligence.

The article discusses the history of the formation and activity of the Polish
orthodox chaplaincy in the three western occupation zones of Germany after
World War II. At that time, there were hundreds of thousands of refugees from Poland in the area. In terms of religion they constituted a mosaic. The followers
of the Orthodox Church were the second largest group after the Catholics. The
authorities of the Republic of Poland in exile felt obliged to provide these people
with religious care. Led by Archbishop Sawa (Sowietov), priests carried out the
ministry in Germany. The author has analyzed the political and social conditions
in which the structures of the Polish Orthodox Church in refugee camps in West
Germany were organized and functioned. The author has also presented the
influence of the ethnic factor on the activity of the Polish Orthodox clergy.

p. 57-83 ; Abstract in Polish and English. ; The article deals with the Belarusian school system in Latvia under German occupation. Belarusians were one of the most numerous minorities in that country, both in the inter-war period and during World War Two. In German-occupied Latvia, Belarusian nationality was declared by more than 50,000 people. For political reasons, the occupation authorities allowed Belarusian schools to operate in areas with significant Belarusian population. As a result, thirty-five primary schools, two middle schools, and one secondary agricultural school, employing about a hundred teachers in total, were opened. These schools were attended by a few thousand pupils, the majority of which were children of petty and landless peasants. The Belarusian school system struggled because of numerous material issues. ; s. 57-83 ; Abstrakt w języku polskim i angielskim ; Artykuł traktuje o szkolnictwie białoruskim na Łotwie pod okupacją niemiecką. Bialorusini należeli do najliczniejszej mniejszości na Łotwie zarówno w okresie międzywojennym, jak i w czasie II wojny światowej. W okupowanej przez Niemców Łotwie narodowość białoruską podało blisko 50 tys. ludzi. Ze względów politycznych władz okupacyjne zezwoliły na funkcjonowanie szkolnictwa białoruskiego w regionach zamieszkałych przez ludność białoruską. W wyniku otwarto 35 szkół podstawowych, dwa gimnazja i jedną średnią szkołę rolniczą, w których pracowało ok. 100 nauczycieli. Do szkół białoruskich uczęszczało kilka tysięcy uczniów, większość których stanowili dzieci małorolnych i bezrolnych chłopów. Szkolnictwo białoruskie borykało się z wieloma problemami natury materialnej.