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ResumenDesde el triunfo revolucionario, el modelo de desarrollo cubano se ha destacado históricamente por una concepción política, basada en la centralidad del Estado en la provisión del bienestar y en una vocación de justicia social, así como en la construcción de ciudadanía a través de la implementación de políticas de carácter universal. Un dilema, sin embargo, con el que ha tenido que lidiar este modelo, ha estado asociado a la contradicción entre la intención política, los avances obtenidos en materia social, por un lado; y las dificultades para sedimentar un sostén económico con el cual respaldar una propuesta integral de desarrollo. El artículo presenta una propuesta de análisis sobre la reforma iniciada en el 2011, presentando resultados respecto al estrechamiento de las políticas sociales en el marco de un legado institucional de desarticulación entre universalidad y focalización en ese contexto. Desde la perspectiva metodológica, las principales fuentes utilizadas fueron de base documental: fuentes oficiales y resultados de investigación realizados por la autora y autores sobre la reforma cubana actual.Palabras-Chaves: Políticas Sociales, Asistencia Social, Pobreza y Desigualdades en Cuba, Reforma. ***Tensões no Modelo de Proteção Social Cubano: uma arqueologia para olhar o presente das políticas sociais.ResumoDesde a vitória da revolução, o modelo de desenvolvimento cubano vem se assentando em uma concepção política que enfatiza a centralidade do Estado na provisão do bem-estar e na promoção de justiça social, assim como na construção de cidadania pela via da implementação de políticas de escopo universal. Contudo, este modelo teve de enfrentar o dilema colocado pela contradição entre, de um lado, os avanços obtidos em matéria social, e de outro, as dificuldades de consolidar um suporte económico capaz de respaldar uma proposta integral de desenvolvimento. O artigo pretende analisar a reforma iniciada em 2011, apresentando resultados a respeito do estreitamento das políticas sociais no marco de um legado institucional de desarticulação entre universalidade e focalização. Do ponto de vista metodol&oacute ;gico, privilegiou-se base documental, incluindo fontes oficiais, e resultados de pesquisa realizados tanto pela autora como por outros autores sobre a trajetória recente da reforma cubana.Palavras-chaves: Políticas Sociais, Assitência Social, Pobreza e Desigualdade e Cuba, Reforma. ***Tensions in the Cuban Social Protection Model: an archeology to look at the present of social policies.AbstractThe Cuban Model of Development has been characterized, since the Revolution triumph for a political conception based on State centrality in welfare provision and social justice. As well as in the building of a citizenship trough the implementation of social policies with universal perspective.A dilemma, however associate to this Model has been related to the contradiction between the political intentions, the advancement achieved in social indicators in one hand; and in the other, the difficulties in order to achieve efficient economic policies, which could support the social development.This article present a proposal about the reform started on 2011, which the objective to present outcomes about the retrenchment of the Cuban social policies in the frame of non-correspondence between universality and focalization in a historical perspective. Since the methodological point of view, the main sources used were official and research results conducted for the author and other academics about current Cuban reform.Keywords: social policies, social assistance, poverty and inequalities in Cuba, reform

This paper presents preliminary research about the process of the construction of concepts in social work. In this case, it is referred to as a social worker's construction of "family" as a concept and as a field of practice in a current Cuban context. Based on an exploratory and qualitative research design, the paper presents an analysis that also opens to the discussion about social work with families in Cuba. The findings shows that Cuban social workers think of family as a group with cohabitation and affinity, which is more important than consanguinity, as a dimension for family definitions. They also point at structures of family, special bonds in family network and the social internal and external functions of family in their definitions. Among these functions, the transmission of cultural values, as well as the emotional support and shelter for members, seems relevant.
Regarding family as a field of practice, they all share the criteria that is necessary for practice to develop a contextual analysis of each situation that goes from macro-contextual aspects to the micro-reality of family. The importance of structural matters and their impact on family functions is also a common idea, which is nucleated around a multigenerational reality of Cuban families and evaluated as a positive or negative impact depending on the case in question.
They consider social work with families, and social work in general, to be in a critical situation in relation to losing professionalization and social recognition. The reasons explaining these ideas have to do with the instability of social work institutionalization and the recent retraction of social services. These variations have obeyed the changes in a Cuban context that affects the entire welfare system and social work's position in it.