Search results

Purpose
This study aims to systematically review papers on women's entrepreneurship in the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by examining the research profile (i.e. publication trends, publishers, domain and quality of journals, methodologies and units of analysis and regional classifications), internationalization entry modes and the theories underpinning, key variables using AMO framework (i.e. antecedents, mediators, moderators and outcomes) and suggestions for potential future studies.


Design/methodology/approach
This study used bibliometric analysis by selecting 62 relevant papers from 3,016 papers collected from the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and EBSCO databases. Content analysis was conducted to identify key research issues and gaps, which were then mapped on an AMO framework to address potential future research.


Findings
This study found that the number of papers published during the period 1994–September 2022 fluctuated, indicating an increasing trend of women's entrepreneurship research in the internationalization of SMEs being published in various reputable journals by well-known publishers. This study also found several alternatives of internationalization entry modes, although export is still the most widely used alternative. Various theories that underlie this research include internationalization theory, resource-based theory, feminist theory and international entrepreneurship. This study proposes a future research framework on women's entrepreneurship in the internationalization of SMEs: AMO.


Originality/value
This study contributes to the intersection of gender-focused international business and entrepreneurship domains. This study proposes a conceptual model of women's entrepreneurship in internationalization of SMEs by mapping the antecedents, mediators/moderators and outcomes and offers promising opportunities for future research directions.

Survey towards 332 students from three different universities in three different countries (Indonesia, Japan and Norway) shows that entrepreneurial intentions among the students and the influencing factors differs across countries. The main objective is to compare the impact of different economic and cultural contexts. Results reveals that self-efficacy influence entrepreneurial intention among Indonesian and Norwegian students. Instrumental readiness and working experience become key factors that influence entrepreneurial intention among Norwegian students. Educational background becomes a key factor that influence entrepreneurial intention among Indonesian students, in the opposite direction. Need for achievement, age and gender have no statistically significant impact. However, they only explain 28.2 percent, 14.2 percent, and 24.8 percent (R2) of the total variance of the entrepreneurial intention for Indonesia, Japan and Norway respectively. This study is expected to be inputs for universities, government institutions, and policy makers so that can stimulate and encourage entrepreneurship spirit.

This paper aims to identify determinants of entrepreneurial intention among young people. The empirical basis is formed by surveys among Indonesian and Norwegian students. The main objective is to compare the impact of different economic and cultural contexts. Independent variables in the study include demographic factors and individual background, personality traits and attitudes, and contextual elements such as access to capital and information. The individual perceptions of self-efficacy and instrumental readiness are the variables that affect entrepreneurial intention most significantly. Age, gender and educational background have no statistically significant impact. Generally, the level of entrepreneurial intention is higher among Indonesian students. The lower level of entrepreneurial intention among Norwegian students is explained by the social status and economic remuneration of entrepreneurs in comparison with those enjoyed by employees in the Norwegian context.

Nowadays, universities in many countries are encouraged to take their research products to the next level by translating them into commercialized products to benefit society at large. In doing so, they establish a firm, a so-called University Spin-Off (USO), which specializes in carrying out the mission. A USO is a firm which is established to optimize or commercialize the Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) of the university. Previous studies into USOs, documented in the extant literature, have mainly focused on investigating the initial process of the USOs' establishment, such as the drivers to initiate the USOs. Only a little attention has been paid to investigate the various drivers affecting the development of the USOs. Studies into the survivability of USOs are relatively limited. The current study is intended to fill this gap. Additionally, the findings are expected to add to the existing literature on USOs, particularly in the context of developing countries. This study aims at identifying the factors affecting the USOs' survival. We used the resource-based view and contingency theory to identify and understand the various factors (internal and external) that might affect a USO's survivability. Data for this study were collected through a survey. From the literature, we identified ten relevant factors for a USO's survivability and 41 items to operationalize them, which we then used to develop a questionnaire. The factors are the USO's business orientation, human resources' reputation, product innovation, business plan, business models' innovation, social networks, export activities, capital access, government support, and the business's incubator. The data were collected from 111 USOs established by 14 universities located in five big cities in Indonesia. The survey was conducted from February until May 2017. Before performing the regression analysis, we deployed a factor analysis to validate the instruments and found that all the 41 items were valid and fell into ten component factors. The analysis found that there were only two factors which significantly affected the USO's survivability: Its human resources' reputation and social networks. These findings lead us to a conclusion that building a good reputation and maintaining its social networks are very important to ensure the survivability of a USO.

PurposeBatik is a craft in the creative industry, which is the identity of the Indonesian nation. One of the main batik tourism areas in Indonesia is Trusmi, and women entrepreneurs have a strategic role in developing the batik craft industry in the region. The batik industry faced various challenges during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact and identify strategic options during the COVID-19 period on batik businesses owned by women entrepreneurs in the Trusmi area.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative case study method by interviewing ten batik women entrepreneurs in the Trusmi area.FindingsThis study elaborates findings about the impact of COVID-19, the technology role, collaboration, the government role and strategic options.Originality/valueThis study provides academic and practical implications, which are discussed further about the role of the craft industry in dealing with economic and social turmoil.

Entrepreneurial intention, defined as a process of information-searching which can be used to achieve a new venture, has been intensively discussed as a contributed factor for those who intended to create a business. This study was purposed to explore predictors of entrepreneurial intention among Indonesian and Chinese students. We quantitavely integrated 241 students that have been used to investigated the relationship of the personality and environmental factors with entrepreneurial intention. As hypothesized, multiple regresson analysis and independent-sample t-test revealed the differences of entrepreneurial intention's predictors among both countries. Chinese students were mostly affected by need for achievement, locus of control, self-efficacy, and instrumental readiness, while Indonesian students by self-efficacy. Implications toward university and government were discussed.

This study provides empirical evidence of the role of religiosity in new venture creation and its additional moderating roles in individual entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge-sharing attitudes. It uses the lens of social cognitive and social capital theories by incorporating the generational cohort theory to explore Gen Y and Gen Z. This is a hypothetico-deductive study that employs a semi-structured survey of 84 Gen Y and 154 Gen Z respondents from Indonesia. The findings revealed that the effect of religiosity on venture creation was significantly negative for the Gen Y, and the two moderators played a significant role in the relationship between religiosity and venture creation only for the Gen Y. The findings of this study provide the new empirical discourse that even though the Gen Y and the Gen Z are considered digital natives, they have different religious views and behaviors notably when it comes to the decision to set up a new business. This study provides and opens new avenues for future research on this topic and highlights the urgency to explore the religious behavior of earlier generations towards venture creation.