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For much of recorded history, China was a leading science and technology power. But just as the West rose, China turned in on itself, and missed the Industrial Revolution. The result was the 'Hundred Years of Humiliation', and a long struggle for a modern, yet distinctly Chinese, civilisational identity. Today, technological innovation has returned to the core of national pride and ambition. Since the 1980s, reforms have transformed China into the world's second largest economy and a major global power. Cyber space and other advanced technologies have become a battleground for international dominance; but today's world relies on global supply chains and interstate collaboration - at least, for now. Growing tension between the USA and China could result in the two superpowers decoupling their technology - with significant consequences for humanity's future. The Great Decoupling shows that this technology contest, and how it plays out, will shape the geopolitics of the twenty-first century.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter One Evolution of the Chinese Internet: Freedom and Control -- New economic policy -- Technology and indigenous innovation -- Information control -- Rule by law -- New cyber legislation -- Chapter Two Cyber Espionage -- China's intelligence structures -- Intelligence tradecraft -- CCP policy on intelligence -- Deployment of intelligence cyber capabilities -- Global intelligence power -- Chapter Three Military Cyber Capabilities -- Chinese military traditions -- The PLA: An army for the Party, not the nation -- From People's War to RMA with Chinese characteristics -- China's IW concepts and doctrines -- Military cyber units -- Chapter Four Battle for the Soul of the Internet -- Cyber governance and cyber security: new global battlegrounds -- Snowden revelations and Chinese cyber espionage -- Long-term strategic contest -- Conclusion -- Index

The world's wealthiest nations have expended vast blood and treasure in tracking and capturing traffickers, dealers and consumers of narcotics, as well as destroying crops and confiscating shipments. Yet the global trade in illicit drugs is thriving with no apparent change in the level of consumption despite decades of prohibition. This Adelphi argues that the present enforcement regime is not only failing to win the "war on drugs"; it is also igniting and prolonging that conflict on the streets of producer and transit countries, where the supply chain has become interwoven with state institutions and cartels have become embroiled in violence against their rivals and with security forces. What can be done to secure the worst affected regions and states, such as Latin America and Afghanistan? By examining the destabilizing effects of prohibition, as well as alternative approaches such as that adopted by the authorities in Portugal, this book shows how progress may be made by treating consumption as a health-care issue rather than a criminal matter, thereby freeing states to tackle the cartels and traffickers who hold their communities to ransom

An EU that did not have the UK as a core component of its counter-terrorism and security efforts would arguably be much weaker, leaving the UK facing greater risks. (Survival / SWP)