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This article aims to identify what critical categories are applied to review of doctoral dissertations in political science & what patterns of change might impact these same categories through time. Some of the fundamental concepts entailed in faculty review of dissertation are presented here on the basis of centuries-old thought. While these concepts remain valid today, their application is assumed to have changed. Through a content analysis of reviews made of political science dissertations over a 20-year period, a notable shift in emphasis is made from critical attention to source material & empirical analysis to critical attention to perspective of the writer & theoretical approach. Important developments in the composition of review committees are also discussed, including an increase in the committee's number of professors within one discipline, international profile, & departmental balance regarding the department of the dissertation author. These & other changes are here situated in the larger framework of character shifts that have affected political science & other disciplines throughout the last generation. 2 Tables, 14 References. C. Brunski

During 1978-1997, 465 writers contributed 979 articles to Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift; 14% of the writers were women, 26% were writers from outside Sweden. Some 5% of the most frequent co-writers published 25% of the content in the journal. Table 1 shows the 20 writers whose work most frequently appeared. 1 Table. Adapted from the source document.

Looked upon from outside, the Scandinavian welfare states exhibit important similarities with regard to labour market policy. Their governments all do a great deal m response to unemployment and they use the same type of measures for this purpose. Compared with what is regarded as normal in other modern Western nations, large amounts of money and other resources are spent on reducing unemployment or at least the burdens of unem ployment. It may thus seem that there is a Scandinavian model for labour market policy. However, when we take a closer look, we soon find that there are significant differences. The same types of programmes exist m all four countries, but they are applied in very different mixes. The main dividing line to be drawn here is between passive and active measures. We argue that active labour market policies are basically oriented towards commodification of labour power, i.e. the aim is to establish, keep or restore the saleability of labour power m the market. Passive measures, on the other hand, comprise no commodification element, although they are more or less linked to a requirement that recipients take the jobs available in the labour market. However, they generally lessen the pressure upon people to accept job offers from employers and in that sense there is no doubt a decommodifying function. From this perspective we maintain that the Swedish labour market policy contains the clearest element of commodification because it is most pronouncedly oriented towards making labour power saleable in the market. The opposite pole is represented by Denmark, where decommodifying cash benefits play the most important role. Norway and Finland are somewhere in between. For a long time Norway has had very low unemployment and accordingly less strong motives to develop its policy in the one or the other direction, while Finland, although having the reasons, has not put as much emphasis on active measures as Sweden or developed as generous passive measures as Denmark.

We study the effects of Rhenium (Re) deposited on epitaxial monolayer graphene grown on SiC(0001) and after subsequent annealing at different temperatures, by performing high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). The graphene-Re system is found to be thermally stable. While no intercalation or chemical reaction of the Re is detected after deposition and subsequent annealing up to 1200 degrees C, a gradual decrease in the binding energy of the Re 4f doublet is observed. We propose that a larger mobility of the Re atoms with increasing annealing temperature and hopping of Re atoms between different defective sites on the graphene sample could induce this decrease of Re 4f binding energy. This is corroborated by first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the Re core-level binding energy shift. No change in the doping or splitting of the initial monolayer graphene electronic band structure is observed after Re deposition and annealing up to 1200 degrees C, only a broadening of the bands. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ; Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2012.0083]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through CoTXS; Swedish Foundation or Strategic Research (SSF) program SRL Grant [10-0026]; Swedish Research Council (VR) [2015-04391]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [200900971]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.Y26.31.0005]; Swedish Research Council [621-2011-4252]

We investigate the structural and electronic properties of Li-intercalated monolayer graphene on SiC(0001) using combined angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory. Li intercalates at room temperature both at the interface between the buffer layer and SiC and between the two carbon layers. The graphene is strongly n-doped due to charge transfer from the Li atoms and two pi bands are visible at the (K) over bar point. After heating the sample to 300 degrees C, these pi bands become sharp and have a distinctly different dispersion to that of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. We suggest that the Li atoms intercalate between the two carbon layers with an ordered structure, similar to that of bulk LiC6. An AA stacking of these two layers becomes energetically favourable. The pi bands around the (K) over bar point closely resemble the calculated band structure of a C6LiC6 system, where the intercalated Li atoms impose a superpotential on the graphene electronic structure that opens gaps at the Dirac points of the two pi cones. ; Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (VR) [621-2011-4252, 621-2011-4426]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) program [10-0026]; European Union Seventh Framework Programme, Graphene Flagship [604391]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Areas SeRC and in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Link oping University [2009 00971]; SRC VR Grant [621-2011-4249]; Linnaeus Environment at Linkoping on Nanoscale Functional Materials (LiLi-NFM) - VR; Grant of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.Y26.31.0005]; Tomsk State University Academic D. I. Mendeleev Fund Program [8.1.18.2015]

The development of chiral optoelectronic materials is of great interest due to their potential of being utilized in electronic devices, biosensors, and artificial enzymes. Herein, we report the chiral optical properties and architectural arrangement of optoelectronic materials generated from noncovalent self-assembly of a cationic synthetic peptide and five chemically defined anionic pentameric oligothiophenes. The peptide-oligothiophene hybrid materials exhibit a three-dimensional ordered helical structure and optical activity in the pi-pi* transition region that are observed due to a single chain induced chirality of the conjugated thiophene backbone upon interaction with the peptide. The latter property is highly dependent on electrostatic interactions between the peptide and the oligothiophene, verifying that a distinct spacing of the carboxyl groups along the thiophene backbone is a major chemical determinant for having a hybrid material with distinct optoelectronic properties. The necessity of the electrostatic interaction between specific carboxyl functionalities along the thiophene backbone and the lysine residues of the peptide, as well as the induced circular dichroism of the thiophene backbone, was also confirmed by theoretical calculations. We foresee that our findings will aid in designing optoelectronic materials with dynamic architectonical precisions as well as offer the possibility to create the next generation of materials for organic electronics and organic bioelectronics. ; Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University [2009 00971]