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The implementation of the sustainable development principle of integration implies that economic laws should not be designed solely for the purpose of maximizing financial profits, but also with the object of improving human well-being, and addressing social and environmental concerns. International organizations, in which international treaties are being negotiated and created, will have to support this type of cross-disciplinary approach. International institutions, however, were not originally designed to cope with such a cross-disciplinary effort. Rather, most international institutions have emerged in line with the premise of 'functionalism', according to which their role is limited to supplying specialized services, usually as a solution for emerging needs and as a result of historical events. These specialized institutions have thus emerged with little coordination or common planning and have resulted in a global structure that has been referred to as an 'accident of history'. The role that international organizations should and do fulfil with respect to the implementation of the principle of integration is reviewed in this paper. This paper concentrates on trade and investment organizations (the World Trade Organization and the Energy Charter Treaty); it reviews the channels through which non-trade/investment considerations may, or may not, penetrate the decision-making processes of these organizations; the ways these International organizations engage with interdisciplinary issues and how the objectives of other institutions are reflected in their work. Adapted from the source document.

The last few years have witnessed a flurry of activity in global governance and international lawseeking to address the protection gaps for people fleeing the effects of climate change. This book discusses cutting-edge developments in law and policy on climate change and forced displacement, including theories and potential solutions, issues of governance, local and regional concerns, and future challenges. Chapters are written by a range of authors from academics to key figures in intergovernmental organisations, and offer detailed case studies of policy developments in the Americas, Europe, South-East Asia, and the Pacific. This is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers from a range of disciplines, as well as policymakers working in environmental law, environmental governance, and refugee and migration law. This is one of a series of publications associated with the Earth System Governance Project. For more publications, see www.cambridge.org/earth-system-governance.

The last few years have witnessed a flurry of activity in global governance and international lawseeking to address the protection gaps for people fleeing the effects of climate change. This book discusses cutting-edge developments in law and policy on climate change and forced displacement, including theories and potential solutions, issues of governance, local and regional concerns, and future challenges. Chapters are written by a range of authors from academics to key figures in intergovernmental organisations, and offer detailed case studies of policy developments in the Americas, Europe, South-East Asia, and the Pacific. This is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers from a range of disciplines, as well as policymakers working in environmental law, environmental governance, and refugee and migration law. This is one of a series of publications associated with the Earth System Governance Project. For more publications, see www.cambridge.org/earth-system-governance.

"Current estimates of the numbers of people who will be forced from their homes as a result of climate change by the middle of the century range from 50 to 200 million. Therefore, even the most optimistic projections envisage a crisis of migration that will dwarf any we have seen so far. And yet attempts to develop legal mechanisms to deal with this impending crisis have reached an impasse that shows little sign of being overcome. This is in spite of the rapidly growing academic study and policy development in the area of climate change generally. 'Climate Refugees': Beyond the Legal Impasse? addresses a fundamental gap in academic literature and policy making namely the legal no-mans land in which the issue of climate refugees currently resides. Past proposals for the regulation of climate-induced migration are evaluated, inter alia by their original authors, and the volume also looks at current attempts to regulate climate-induced migration, including by officials from the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the office of the United nation's High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Platform on Displacement Disaster (PDD). Bringing together experts from a variety of academic fields, as well as officials from leading international organisations, this book will be of great interest to students and researchers of Environmental Law, Refugee Law, Human Rights Law, Environmental Studies and International Relations. "--Provided by publisher.

One of the most significant impacts of climate change is migration. Yet, to date, climate-induced migrants are falling within what has been defined by some as a 'protection gap'. This book addresses this issue, first by identifying precisely where the gap exists, by reviewing the relevant legal tools that are available for those who are currently, and who will in the future be displaced because of climate change. The authors then address the relevant actors; the identity of those deserving protection (displaced individuals), as well as other bearers of rights (migration-hosting states) and obligations (polluting states) The authors also address head-on the contentious topic of definitions, concluding with the provocative assertion that the term 'climate refugees' is indeed correct and should be relied upon. The second part of the book looks to the future by advocating specific legal and institutional pathways. Notably, the authors support the use of international environmental law as the most adequate and suitable regime for the regulation of climate refugees. With respect to the role of institutions, the authors propose a model of 'cross-governance', through which a more inclusive and multi-faceted protection regime could be achieved. Addressing the regulation of climate refugees through a unique collaboration between a refugee lawyer and an environmental lawyer, this book will be of great interest to scholars and professionals in fields including international law, environmental studies, refugee studies and international relations.

One of the most significant impacts of climate change is migration. Yet, to date, climate-induced migrants are falling within what has been defined by some as a 'protection gap'. This book addresses this issue, first by identifying precisely where the gap exists, by reviewing the relevant legal tools that are available for those who are currently, and who will in the future be displaced because of climate change. The authors then address the relevant actors; the identity of those deserving protection (displaced individuals), as well as other bearers of rights (migration-hosting states) and obligations (polluting states) The authors also address head-on the contentious topic of definitions, concluding with the provocative assertion that the term 'climate refugees' is indeed correct and should be relied upon. The second part of the book looks to the future by advocating specific legal and institutional pathways. Notably, the authors support the use of international environmental law as the most adequate and suitable regime for the regulation of climate refugees. With respect to the role of institutions, the authors propose a model of 'cross-governance', through which a more inclusive and multi-faceted protection regime could be achieved. Addressing the regulation of climate refugees through a unique collaboration between a refugee lawyer and an environmental lawyer, this book will be of great interest to scholars and professionals in fields including international law, environmental studies, refugee studies and international relations.

Public participation in international investment law : setting the scene / Avidan Kent, Tarcisio Gazzini and Eric De Brabandere -- Exploring the legal framework for international investment / Yenkong Ngangjoh Hodu -- Public participation and international investment law : towards a new settlement? / Lorenzo Cotula -- The evolving concept of public participation : from Rio to Mauritius / Avidan Kent -- Public participation in investment treaty making / Chrysoula Mavromati and Sarah Spottiswood -- How to ensure public participation in FTA negotiations? A critical analysis of the instruments used in the FTA-making process / Maria Laura Marceddu -- Contractualisation of human rights and public participation : challenges and prospects / Youseph Farah and Valentine Olusola Kunuji -- Public participation and the adoption of investment codes : observation of the mixed practice from Tanzania / Chris Maina Peter and Saudin Jacob Mwakaje -- Parliamentary scrutiny over investment projects : the case of Tanzania's natural resources regulatory reform / Elena Cima -- The principle of indigenous consultation as a Latin American regional custom / Francesco Seatzu -- Public participation in environmental impact assessments for foreign investment projects : a Canadian perspective / David A Collins -- Investment projects and conflict : the two faces of Janus / Franz Zubieta Mariscal -- Public participation in arbitral proceedings / Sondra Faccio -- Third party intervention at the proposed multilateral investment court / Farouk El-Hosseny -- Back into the shadows? Public participation in the peaceful settlement of investment disputes through non-arbitral means / Esmé Shirlow -- Politics of public participation in investment arbitration / Sophie Nappert and Nataliia Tuzheliak -- Conclusions / Tarcisio Gazzini, Avidan Kent and Eric De Brabandere.