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THEORY FORMATION IN POLITICAL SCIENCE WAS NEADED TOWARD A "NEW POLITICAL ECONOMY" WITHIN WHICH 4 CLUSTERS ARE IDENTIFIED" MODELS OF PARTY COMPETITION, THEORIES OF COLLECTIVE ACTION, THEORIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE BEHAVIOR, AND THEORIES OF ALLOCATION OF VALVES UNDER SPECIFIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER, THAT IS COALITION THEORIES, BARGAINING THEORIES, AND DUDPOLY THEORIES.

Preliminary Material /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER ONE: THE GEOLOGICAL SETTING: THE DANGEROUS AND VISIONARY PURSUIT /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER TWO: THE PERIOD TO 1830: FROM FORMER WORLDS TO UNIFORMITARIANISM /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER THREE: \'IF WE DON'T IRRITATE, WE SHALL CARRY ALL WITH US\': THE FIRST VOLUME OF PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER FOUR: PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY 1832-3: WORKING HARD AT NATURAL THEOLOGY /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER FIVE: MODIFIED MUD OR MODIFIED MONKEY: UNIFORMITY, PROGRESSION AND TRANSMUTATION /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER SIX: PROGRESS, EDUCATION, AND UNITARIANISM /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER SEVEN: WILLIAM BUCKLAND: BRIDGE-OVER-THE-WATER /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER EIGHT: ADAM SEDGWICK: HOW MUCH GOOD MIGHT HE DO? /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER NINE: ADAM SEDGWICK: THE SOBER FACTS AND THE ROGUE'S GAME /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER TEN: WILLIAM WHEWELL: LYELL'S LABOURS AND IDEAS /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER ELEVEN: SWINGING MID-AIR AMONG THE PRECIPICES OF LIFE /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER TWELVE: THE WHOLE CREATION GROANETH AND TRAVAILETH TOGETHER /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN: DEUS QUIDAM DECEPTOR /J.M.I. Klaver -- CHAPTER FOURTEEN: TOWARDS ABATEMENT OF THE FEVER /J.M.I. Klaver -- CONCLUSION /J.M.I. Klaver -- BIBLIOGRAPHY /J.M.I. Klaver -- INDEX /J.M.I. Klaver.

THEORY FORMATION IN POLITICAL SCIENCE HAS HEADED TOWARD A "NEW POLITICAL ECONOMY" WITHIN WHICH 4 CLUSTERS ARE DISTINGUISHED: (1) 'SPATIAL MODELS OF PARTY COMPETITION', (2) THEORIES OF COLLECTIVE ACTION, (3) THEORIES OF ALLOCATION OF VALUES, UNDER SPECIFIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER, IE COALITION THEORIES, BARGAINING THEORIES & REINTERPRETATIONS OF DUOPOLY THEORIES, & (4) THEORIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE BEHAVIOR. THE 4 CLUSTERS ARE THE RESULT OF THE INTEGRATION OF POLITICAL SCIENCE & ECONOMICS. THE SIMILARITY IN THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF THE 4 CATEGORIES IN POLITICAL SCIENCE WITH THE CORRESPONDING THEORIES IN MICROECONOMICS, WELFARE ECONOMICS, & PUBLIC ECONOMICS CONSISTS OF THESE ELEMENTS: (A) THE PREPONDERANCE OF A DEDUCTIVE (VS INDUCTIVE) STRATEGY OF THEORY BUILDING, (B) THE 2 PREMISES OF INDIVIDUALISM & GOAL-ORIENTED BEHAVIOR, (C) PREOCCUPATION WITH VARIOUS CORRESPONDING AMENDMENTS ON ASSUMPTIONS IN THE ECONOMIC THEORY OF PERFECT COMPETITION, & (D) THE THEORY OF ADMINISTRATIVE BEHAVIOR AS BASED ON THE AMENDMENT OF THE ASSUMPTION OF PERFECT & COSTLESS INFORMATION & THE HOLISTIC ('UNITARY ACTOR') OF DECISION-MAKING IN THE THEORY OF THE FIRM. MODIFIED HA.

The results of a res project on small local-pressure groups in Amsterdam, treated within D. Easton's (A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL LIFE, New York, NY: 1967) theoretical framework for the analysis of pol'al systems. The municipality of Amsterdam was considered as the pol'al system & the rest of the Netherlands constituted the parameters of the system. The main analytical category used was 'demands,' because the concept 'support' caused considerable problems of operationalization. The activities of the groups are analyzed in 4 phases: feedback-stimuli, feedback-response, feedback-information, & output reaction. In the 1st phase a main distinction was introduced between groups which emerged as a result of an output of the authorities (the intra-genetic), & groups which emerged as a result of a situation in the parameters of the system (the extra-genetic). The 2nd phase includes the interpretation of the stimuli & the resulting formulation of demands. In the 3rd phase a distinction was made between indirect information feedback by means of activities such as demonstrations & appearance in the media of COMM; & direct information feedback by means of a direct contact with the authorities. The 4th phase was mainly dedicated to the behavior of the authorities. The main result of the res was the distinction between intra- & extra-genetic groups. This distinction was important for the following characteristics of the groups: intra-genetic groups more often appoint one man as the spokesman of the group; they consider more the people of certain parts of Amsterdam as concerned by their demands; they are more active in approaching the media of COMM; & are more often approached by authorities. Extra-genetic groups consider more the whole pop of Amsterdam or even the Netherlands as concerned by their demands; are more often related to pol'al parties; have less formal responsibility to the concerned people or members; & feel themselves less tied to the wishes of the people concerned. 5 Figures, 18 Tables. Modified HA.

Social media are increasingly popular channels of information on which migrants base their decisions on whether to migrate and the destinations where to settle. While social media offer a relatively cheap, easily accessible, and media-rich means of communication, their use is not without challenges for asylum migrants. Various studies describe issues with access and evaluation of the truthfulness of available information for this specific group of migrants. This article discusses social media use by asylum migrants prior to and during migration. This study is based on in-depth interviews with 54 Syrian asylum migrants who recently obtained refugee status in the Netherlands. Syrians were the largest group of migrants applying for asylum in European Union (EU) member states in 2015 and 2016. The findings show that the majority of Syrian asylum migrants have access to social media information before and during migration, often through the use of smartphones. Besides uneven access to technologies, fear of government surveillance restricts the smartphone use of asylum migrants. The results of this study indicate that Syrian asylum migrants prefer social media information that originates from existing social ties and information that is based on personal experiences. Generally, this information is considered more trustworthy. Asylum migrants use various strategies to validate rumors that are present on social media and come from unknown sources. These strategies include checking the source of information, validating information with trusted social ties, triangulation of online sources, and comparing information with their own experience.