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As tariffs have fallen dramatically over the past decades, behind-the-border measures—such as technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures—have become increasingly important for international trade policy. To facilitate trade, governments sign trade agreements in which they agree to base such measures on international standards. But who actually develops these standards? This book takes a close look at the International Organization for Standardization and the Codex Alimentarius – two prominent standard-setting organizations in the area of TBT and SPS – to investigate how international standardization influences the design of international trade agreements, and vice versa.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- In Memoriam, Burdett "Bird" Loomis -- Prologue -- 1. Preparing for Congressional Battle -- 2. The Bumptiousness of a Young Congressman -- 3. Elephant Avoiding Mousetraps -- 4. Minority Leader Scolds Democrats -- 5. New Speaker Establishes Majority Rule -- 6. The Majority Party Legislates -- 7. Gladly Takes Own Medicine -- 8. Conspicuously Beaten for President -- 9. War Speaker -- 10. Cashing In -- 11. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index -- Back Cover.

Applying a social-constructivist approach to her richly detailed case history, Audie Jeanne Klotz demonstrates that normative standards such as racial equality can serve as much more than a weak constraint on fundamental strategic concerns. Norms can play a crucial role in the formation of global policy. After forty years of protest against apartheid, the world celebrated Nelson Mandela's inauguration as South Africa's first democratically elected president. Klotz considers why racial discrimination in South Africa became a global concern and why—in a remarkable change of practice—nations and international organizations adopted sanctions against the Pretoria regime. By explaining how the world community actively came to condemn apartheid, Norms in International Relations contributes to broader debates on the role of norms in global politics. Klotz rehearses a fascinating history, combining the power politics of economic sanctions and the normative politics of racial equality. She reenacts the events that resulted in the United Nations decision to oppose apartheid. The author also analyzes anti-apartheid activism in the British Commonwealth and in the Organization of African Unity, and she documents changing attitudes toward South African racial separateness in the United States, Britain, and Zimbabwe

In the quest for sustainability, we strive to meet our present needs without sacrificing the same opportunity for future generations. Our success or failure depends on our ability to think in "systems," integrating environmental, social, and economic considerations. But how do we learn systems-thinking? In a series of engaging, rapid-fire stories, Sustainability through Soccer takes readers on a journey through a progression of systems-thinking and sustainability concepts. Using the beautiful game of soccer as an analogy, Leidy Klotz illuminates real-world interdependencies (such as between climate change and human rights), building the chain of concepts in a fun, accessible way. Soccer nerds and newbies alike will be entertained on the way to a deeper understanding of sustainability science

Die wichtigsten Änderungen aus dem Attraktivitätssteigerungsgesetz : Spätestens zum Ende der Dienstzeit stellen sich für Berufssoldaten entscheidende Fragen zur künftigen finanziellen Absicherung. Auch für die bereits im Ruhestand befindlichen Soldaten ist die Kenntnis der aktuellen Vorschriften wegen häufiger Veränderungen im Versorgungsrecht massgeblich. Meine Rechte danach informiert umfassend und verständlich über die Kernfragen der Versorgung der Berufssoldaten: Ruhegehalt Hinzuverdienst Kranken-, Pflege-, Renten-, Arbeitslosenversicherung Ruhensregelungen Hinterbliebenenversorgung Auslands-/Einsatzversorgung Wehrdienstbeschädigung, Dienstunfähigkeit Versorgungsänderungsgesetz Versorgungsausgleich bei Ehescheidung Versorgung für Soldaten mit Vordienstzeiten NVA Altersvorsorge und ihre steuerliche Behandlung. (Verlagswerbung)

An extraordinary outbreak of xenophobic violence in May 2008 shocked South Africa, but hostility toward newcomers has a long history. Democratization has channeled such discontent into a non-racial nationalism that specifically targets foreign Africans as a threat to prosperity. Finding suitable governmental and societal responses requires a better understanding of the complex legacies of segregation that underpin current immigration policies and practices. Unfortunately, conventional wisdoms of path dependency promote excessive fatalism and ignore how much South Africa is a typical settler state. A century ago, its policy makers shared innovative ideas with Australia and Canada, and these peers, which now openly wrestle with their own racist past, merit renewed attention. As unpalatable as the comparison might be to contemporary advocates of multiculturalism, rethinking restrictions in South Africa can also offer lessons for reconciling competing claims of indigeneity through multiple levels of representation and rights