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Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Part One: Introduction -- 1 Introduction: Rethinking Federalism in a Changing World -- Part Two: Citizenship, Identity, and Federal Societies -- 2 Constitutional Government and the Two Faces of Ethnicity: Federalism Is Not Enough -- 3 Identification in Transnational Political Communities -- 4 The New Pluralism: Regionalism, Ethnicity, and Language in Western Europe -- 5 The Federal Experience in Yugoslavia -- 6 Questions of Citizenship after the Breakup of the USSR -- 7 Citizenship Claims: Routes to Representation in a Federal System -- 8 The Aboriginal Peoples in Canada and Renewal of the Federation -- Part Three: The Economics of Federalism -- 9 Is Federalism the Future? An Economic Perspective -- 10 Economic Federalism and the European Union -- 11 Governing European Union: From Pre-Federal to Federal Economic Integration? -- 12 Central Asia: From Administrative Command Integration to Commonwealth of Independent States -- 13 American Federalism: An Economic Perspective -- Part Four: The Law and Politics of Federalism -- 14 New Wine in Old Bottles? Federalism and Nation States in the Twenty-First Century: A Conceptual Overview -- 15 Federalism and the Nation State: What Can Be Learned from the American Experience? -- 16 Canada and the United States: Lessons from the North American Experience -- 17 Federalism, Democracy, and Regulatory Reform: A Sceptical View of the Case for Decentralization -- 18 Federalism, the Charter, and the Courts: Rethinking Constitutional Dialogue in Canada -- 19 Central and Eastern European Federations: Communist Theory and Practice -- 20 Disintegration of the Soviet 'Federation' and the 'Federalization' of Ukraine -- Part Five: Conclusion -- 21 Multinationalism and the Federal Idea: A Synopsis -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N.

The emergence of new states and independence movements after the Cold War has intensified the long-standing disagreement among international lawyers over the right of self-determination, especially the right of secession. Knop shifts the discussion from the articulation of the right to its interpretation. She argues that the practice of interpretation involves and illuminates a problem of diversity raised by the exclusion of many of the groups that self-determination most affects. Distinguishing different types of exclusion and the relationships between them reveals the deep structures, biases and stakes in the decisions and scholarship on self-determination. Knop's analysis also reveals that the leading cases have grappled with these embedded inequalities. Challenges by colonies, ethnic nations, indigenous peoples, women and others to the gender and cultural biases of international law emerge as integral to the interpretation of self-determination historically, as do attempts by judges and other institutional interpreters to meet these challenges

The two United States case studies in this paper demonstrate that whether or not a state is party to a particular treaty, in a disaggregated democratic state both the central government and different parts of the state have a remarkable range of possibilities for configuring their law and politics around that treaty and thereby configuring the contours of the state internationally. The cases center on women's human rights: San Francisco's "implementation" of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), despite the fact that the United States is not a party; and the work of the US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), an independent bi-partisan federal agency which advises the President on sanctioning other countries for severe violations of the international right to religious freedom and is increasingly taking on issues of women's equality in that context. The paper shows that the normative effects produced by San Francisco's CEDAW initiative are not well captured by existing schematic approaches to the behaviour of sub-state actors, which tend to apply either a linear measure of compliance with international law or some general idea about good and/or bad local variation. Applying a more ethnographic alertness to mutation and transposition, the analysis reveals that in the case of USCIRF as well, the result is both under- and ultra-compliance as these sub-state actors transform the substantive content of the treaty. The hallmark of both cases, however, proves to be more the replication of the treaty's form than the application of its substance. ; Law

SummaryThe word "utopia" is a pun on eu topos (a good place) and ou topos (no place). While utopia in the sense of eu topos refers to an ideal society and its realization, utopia in the sense of ou topos emphasizes a mode of narrative rather than a political goal. Traditionally, the utopian form is a traveller's account of a visit to an imaginary country where the journey is either to a far-off land or to the distant future. This article offers an appreciation of Ronald St. John Macdonald as a practitioner, presenter, and promoter of the utopian form in international law. Beyond the ability of a particular eu-topia to confront us with a complete package of ideas for international law that would otherwise remain unimagined, ou-topia generally encourages comprehensive and radical thinking about international law's future and perhaps even jolts us into a heightened consciousness of our creativity and potential for change. The article also touches on the corresponding disadvantages of utopias and speculates that Macdonald reconciles the advantages and disadvantages partly through the fact that the power of the utopian form is available even to those who have been historically and unjustly excluded from international law.

The history of international nationality law & the concept of relational nationality are discussed, drawing on relational feminism. Prior to 1997, theory on nationalism took an individualistic perspective, avoided multiple nationality, & assumed the wife's nationality was dependent on the husband's. The 1997 European Convention on Nationality sought to address issues of multiple nationality & gender equality; it was neutral on multiple nationality because a gender equality perspective on nationality suggest accepting it in cases where spouses are of mixed nationalities. This points to a theory of relational nationalism in which marriage & family relations are important, & where family may mediate loyalties in a complex manner. Questions of statelessness & how the nationality laws in jus sanguinis regimes may be applied differentially to the first three generations are discussed. 108 References. M. Pflum