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The Ethnic Structure of the Territories of South-Eastern UkraineIn her article the author analyses ethnic differentiation in the Donetsk and Zaporozhe regions in South-Eastern Ukraine. These areas first were a target of colonisation in order to establish a new fuel-metallurgical basis for the Russian Empire by developing the Donetsk coal industry and strengthening agriculture by colonising the steppes near the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. An important stage in the settlement of these areas occurred at the beginning of the 16th century, when early settlers, mainly Ukrainian craftsmen, Cossacks and peasants-refugees, arrived. The next step came in the 16–18th centuries, when the defence of the southern borderland from Tartar invasions took place. From the 18th century onwards foreign newcomers contributed to the cultural and industrial development of this region. They settled mainly in compact groups. The characteristics of settlement and development of such groups as Bulgarians, Germans, Jews, Czechs, Tartars, Poles, and Armenians are analysed in this article, too. The population censuses of the years 1959, 1989, 2001 are taken into account.The industrialisation and later "Stalinisation" of the region led to the liquidation of part of some ethnic groups and to their enforced assimilation, in an effort which was supposed to create a homogeneous Soviet people. However, as a result of political changes since 1991, the region is becoming multicultural again.

The Ethnic Structure of the Territories of South-Eastern UkraineIn her article the author analyses ethnic differentiation in the Donetsk and Zaporozhe regions in South-Eastern Ukraine. These areas first were a target of colonisation in order to establish a new fuel-metallurgical basis for the Russian Empire by developing the Donetsk coal industry and strengthening agriculture by colonising the steppes near the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. An important stage in the settlement of these areas occurred at the beginning of the 16th century, when early settlers, mainly Ukrainian craftsmen, Cossacks and peasants-refugees, arrived. The next step came in the 16–18th centuries, when the defence of the southern borderland from Tartar invasions took place. From the 18th century onwards foreign newcomers contributed to the cultural and industrial development of this region. They settled mainly in compact groups. The characteristics of settlement and development of such groups as Bulgarians, Germans, Jews, Czechs, Tartars, Poles, and Armenians are analysed in this article, too. The population censuses of the years 1959, 1989, 2001 are taken into account.The industrialisation and later "Stalinisation" of the region led to the liquidation of part of some ethnic groups and to their enforced assimilation, in an effort which was supposed to create a homogeneous Soviet people. However, as a result of political changes since 1991, the region is becoming multicultural again.

Cultural image of Ukraine. Bulgarians as a national minorityThe text is a review of Jerzy Hatłas' book Bulgarians in the Northern Azov Sea region. The forgotten Diaspora. This review provides a brief overview of the seven chapters contained in the book. The book that is reviewed raises relevant and important issues of differentiation of the social world, migration, and sense of separateness and alienation proceeding from them, but also brings up questions of creating a community despite the differences experienced in the daily life. This book contributes to a better consideration of the phenomenon of national minorities in its various manifestations (linguistic, cultural, social, political) by people belonging to the world of science and social experts (politicians, public leaders, and activists). The book can be useful in a teaching process at different levels and in various specialties of education in different countries of Central Europe. Kulturowy obraz Ukrainy. Bułgarzy jako mniejszość narodowaTekst jest recenzją książki Jerzego Hatłasa, Bułgarzy w północnym Nadazowiu. Zapomniana diaspora. Recenzja ta zawiera krótkie omówienie siedmiu rozdziałów zawartych w książce. W recenzowanej książce podjęta jest stale aktualna i ważna problematyka zróżnicowania świata społecznego, migracji i idącego za tym poczucia odrębności, wyobcowania, ale też budowania wspólnoty pomimo dzielących i doświadczanych w toku codziennego życia różnic. Książka ta przyczynia się do lepszego rozpoznania fenomenu mniejszości narodowej w różnych jej aspektach (językowym, kulturowym, społecznym, politycznym) przez osoby należące do świata nauki oraz przez praktyków społecznych (polityków, działaczy i aktywistów). Poszczególne partie książki mogą być pomocne w procesie dydaktycznym na różnych szczeblach i kierunkach kształcenia w różnych krajach Europy Środkowej.

Cultural image of Ukraine. Bulgarians as a national minorityThe text is a review of Jerzy Hatłas' book Bulgarians in the Northern Azov Sea region. The forgotten Diaspora. This review provides a brief overview of the seven chapters contained in the book. The book that is reviewed raises relevant and important issues of differentiation of the social world, migration, and sense of separateness and alienation proceeding from them, but also brings up questions of creating a community despite the differences experienced in the daily life. This book contributes to a better consideration of the phenomenon of national minorities in its various manifestations (linguistic, cultural, social, political) by people belonging to the world of science and social experts (politicians, public leaders, and activists). The book can be useful in a teaching process at different levels and in various specialties of education in different countries of Central Europe. Kulturowy obraz Ukrainy. Bułgarzy jako mniejszość narodowaTekst jest recenzją książki Jerzego Hatłasa, Bułgarzy w północnym Nadazowiu. Zapomniana diaspora. Recenzja ta zawiera krótkie omówienie siedmiu rozdziałów zawartych w książce. W recenzowanej książce podjęta jest stale aktualna i ważna problematyka zróżnicowania świata społecznego, migracji i idącego za tym poczucia odrębności, wyobcowania, ale też budowania wspólnoty pomimo dzielących i doświadczanych w toku codziennego życia różnic. Książka ta przyczynia się do lepszego rozpoznania fenomenu mniejszości narodowej w różnych jej aspektach (językowym, kulturowym, społecznym, politycznym) przez osoby należące do świata nauki oraz przez praktyków społecznych (polityków, działaczy i aktywistów). Poszczególne partie książki mogą być pomocne w procesie dydaktycznym na różnych szczeblach i kierunkach kształcenia w różnych krajach Europy Środkowej.

Dilemmas of Identity in the Zaporizhzhia OblastThis text is a review of Alla Karnaukh's book. The review contains a brief overview of eight chapters of the book. The reviewer notes that this book fills a gap in the study of national and ethnic minorities in Berdiansk and the outskirts of Primorsk (Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine). From the Polish point of view it is a very useful book. According to the author of the review, despite a few mistakes and editorial faults, Alla Karnaukh's book is important especially for researchers of Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Russian relations. Dylematy tożsamościowe w obwodzie zaporoskimTekst jest recenzją książki Ally Karnaukh. Zawiera krótkie omówienie ośmiu rozdziałów składających się na treść tej książki. Recenzentka zauważa, że jest to pozycja, która wypełnia lukę w badaniach mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w Berdiańsku i okolicach Primorska (obwód zaporoski). Z polskiego punktu widzenia jest rzeczą bardzo dobrą, że taka książka została napisana. Zdaniem autorki recenzji książka Ally Karnaukh, mimo pewnych błędów oraz usterek redakcyjnych, jest pozycją ważną zwłaszcza dla badaczy stosunków polsko-ukraińskich i polsko-rosyjskich.

This article discusses conditions, properties and consequences of life strategies of young people in Poland in the context of the rise of precarious, low paid and uncertain employment. The analysis is developed against the background of the debates about three transitions, to adulthood, flexible and precarious labour market and changing political-economic regime. Based on the tentative analysis of 45 biographical narrative interviews with young people, aged 18–30, in various forms of temporary, low-paid jobs, and unemployed, a typology of coping with the three transitions is proposed, including four types: proletarian, postetatist, projectarian and entrepreneurial. The typology reflects the logics of stories' told by young people, the desired relationships between the world of work and world outside work, as well as the relevance of resources and reflexivity for the transitions among the types of life strategies in coping with precarity. The authors conclude that the "normalization of precarity," manifested into the emergence of institutional action schemes which define insecure employment as an expected pattern of occupational careers, encounters its biographical limits within each types. It is suggested that these "gaps and cracks" in the institutionalization of insecurity might represent important sources of young people collective mobilization in various spheres of political and social life despite an overarching individualization of their life strategies.