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The results of studies of river water of the Vladimir city district for the content of heavy metals conducted in August 2022 are presented and the anionic-cationic composition of water is analyzed. It is shown that a number of heavy metals (lead, iron, cadmium, zinc, copper and vanadium) and ions (ammonium, magnesium, sulfates, nitrates, fluorides, phosphates) in water samples of the rivers of the city district exceed hygienic and fishery standards, which is due to both human economic activity and regional specifics of the geochemical composition of water-bearing rocks and features of groundwater functioning and feeding. The potassium concentration in water of the Nerl river, which is a drinking water source for Vladimir, corresponds to the lower threshold of physiological competence, which can affect the health of city residents if they use such water for a long time. It is shown that insufficient extraction of biogenic elements at the treatment facilities of enterprises could lead to their ingress into water bodies in concentrations exceeding hygienic and fishery standards. This in turn could contribute to the accumulation of other elements. Strict requirements for the content of chemical elements in fishery water bodies make it necessary to improve the equipment and technological schemes of purification at treatment facilities. Small rivers of cities are vulnerable and poorly protected; therefore they require special attention of environmental authorities. Being tributaries of larger rivers, small rivers form the quality of their waters. If they are used for the household and drinking purposes, they become a factor determining the health of urban residents.