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The issue of the relationship between church and state has had a long and complex history. During the last two thousand years, many models of church-state relationships have been devised and put into practice in the political structures of different states. It should be noted that the possibility of the church's involvement in secular politics in Russia and Ukraine makes the need for theological conceptualisation in this field especially urgent. The article presents a holistic and comprehensive approach to the theological discussion of the church-state relationship that will certainly be of interest to many contemporary researchers, examining the unique experience of theocracy in Judaism; the historical formation of the idea of Caesaropapism in both pagan and Christian states; and the theological controversy between the monarchical and Berdyaev schools on the issue of close alliance between church and state

The issue of the relationship between church and state has had a long and complex history. During the last two thousand years, many models of church-state relationships have been devised and put into practice in the political structures of different states. It should be noted that the possibility of the church's involvement in secular politics in Russia and Ukraine makes the need for theological conceptualisation in this field especially urgent. The article presents a holistic and comprehensive approach to the theological discussion of the church-state relationship that will certainly be of interest to many contemporary researchers, examining the unique experience of theocracy in Judaism; the historical formation of the idea of Caesaropapism in both pagan and Christian states; and the theological controversy between the monarchical and Berdyaev schools on the issue of close alliance between church and state