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Introduction -- The idea of scientific history -- History and the social sciences -- Contrasting approaches to scientific history -- Henri berr and historical synthesis -- Henri berr, the theoretician of historical knowledge -- Henri berr, the organizer and promoter of synthesis -- The durkheimian school and history -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

1. The foundations of industrialism -- Joseph Droz -- Jean-Baptiste Say -- Benjamin Constant -- 2. Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer : different takes on a shared path -- Le Censeur and its pitched battles -- The question of freedom of the press -- The problem of pauperism -- Comte and Dunoyer as students of Jean-Baptiste Say -- Comte, Dunoyer and industrialism -- 3. The foundations of political economy in France -- Making a political project scientifically respectable -- Charles Comte's theory of liberalism -- Reflections on method -- The critique of Rousseau -- Laws and progress -- The problem of slavery -- The question of property -- 4. Charles Dunoyer and the stages of liberty -- The need for an industrial regime -- The maturing of a body of work -- In defense of liberty -- For freedom in education -- The role of government -- The right of petition -- The issue of free trade -- 5. The revolution of 1848 -- The standpoint of Guizot -- The standpoint of Tocqueville -- Dunoyer and the critique of socialism -- Conclusion

English abstract: It is well known that Durkheim was a major source of influence in most of Boudon's writings. But his vision of Durkheim has evolved a lot over the years. In the 1960s until the 1990s, he presented Durkheim as a positivist, fairly close to Auguste Comte, and he considered The Rules of the Sociological Method as a mediating work which announced all of the Durkheim's thought. In his most recent works, Boudon brings an original perspective that Durkheim was an important theorist of rationality.French abstract: Boudon a développé une admiration durable pour Durkheim dont il ne s'est jamais départi. Durkheim n'a jamais cessé en effet d'être pour lui un inspirateur, mais la lecture qu'il en fait a néanmoins évolué au fil du temps. Des années 1960 aux années 1990 il le présente comme un auteur positiviste dont il admire la réflexion sur la scientificité de la sociologie. Après 1990 il le présente comme un précurseur malgré lui de l'individualisme méthodologique, et traduit sa sociologie dans le langage de la théorie de l'action.