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A scientific analysis of the political process in the Volyn region for thirty years of existence of independent Ukraine has been carried out in the article. Emphasis has been placed on institutional and non-institutional practices of political activity and participation of subjects of socio-political relations, which determined/determine the nature and direction of the political process in Volyn. The sequence of actions of the government and the opposition to dismantle the institutions of power of the Soviet era, the decommunization of the symbolic space of the settlements of the region, creation of civil society institutions and parties, paradigm shifts in the attitude of local authorities to churches and their denominations, participants in national liberation struggles, etc. have been revealed. Significant influence on the direction of the political process is determined by the electoral participation of citizens in elections to higher and local authorities and, accordingly, qualitative composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and local councils. Along with the analysis of the party representation from Volyn in the parliamentary corps of the Ukrainian parliament, there has been traced the dynamics of participation and preferences of certain political forces and parties in the elections to the regional council. The process of party-political structuring in the region has been periodized. The significant attention has been paid to the analysis of socio-political activity of Volyn residents during the Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity. The author came to the conclusion that in general, the political process in Volyn reflects the direction of the political process in Ukraine with its simultaneous diversification in the following main areas: first, the abandonment of authoritarian-totalitarian institutional forms and the transition to democratic ones; secondly, the decommunization of public space and the modeling of historical memory, accompanied by the return of national (local) traditions, rituals and symbols; thirdly, enriching the "paletteˮ of domestic experience in political activities and participation in regional practices.

The article talks about the postmodern education system, its focus on the modernization of distance learning in connection with quarantine, which requires new integration approaches to the organization and content of the educational process in higher education institutions. Innovative pedagogical technologies of distance learning are analyzed, in particular, the essence of inverted learning technology is described. A systematic approach to the integration processes in postmodern education as a result of the search for new innovations and the organization of distance learning as a universal and most humanistic form of learning, which initiates multivariate strategies for the innovation process in the hyperspace of European education and cultivates the integration of educational values. The author's ideas on creating optimal conditions for the adaptation of a particular applicant for higher education to the requirements of the distance learning and professional environment with an innovative information technology system are substantiated. The optimal conditions for the information-technological system of activating interactive communication of all participants of the educational process not only of a certain university, but also outside it, thanks to Smart-learning are determined. Innovative changes in personnel management of postmodern education as the main factor of effective strategy of management of distance learning, capable to be provided only by competitive teachers with a high level of display of creativity in professional skill are outlined. Algorithms of optimal actions of personnel management on introduction of innovative technologies of distance learning in the conditions of quarantine taking into account prevention of conflicts and crisis states at participants of educational process in the conditions of pandemics and unexpected educational changes are developed.

"The article highlights the issues of the number, organization, infrastructure, and sanitary condition of Polish prisons in 1918-1939, as reflected in the materials of the Ukrainian, Polish, Lithuanian, and Belarussian archives. The main research methods are problem-chronological and comparative-historical. In 1922, there were about 400 prisons in the Second Polish Republic (II Rzeczpospolita), but their number tended to decrease. Architecturally, the Polish prisons in the interwar period were closed complexes with various interconnected buildings. Most of the prisons were located in former monasteries and ancient castles, so their reconstruction and renovation/repair were pertinent throughout the whole interwar period. The infrastructure of the prison depended on its function features and size. The prison complex included, besides the prison administration building, premises where prisoners were housed and trained, barracks for penitentiary guards, hospitals or medical centers, various handicraft workshops, places of worship, and specially designated courtyards for prisoners' walks in. Various controlling bodies inspected regularly the state of things in prisons regarding their observance of the law and the proper sanitary condition. They were special audits by the Ministry of Justice, inspections by prosecutors and the judicial authorities, or even inspections conducted by governmental commissions. The normative-legal documents determined that the Polish prisons ought to be quiet, clean, and orderly. In fact, the situation was often the opposite."

The paper aims to give a comprehensive cognitive and semiotic analysis of translation strategies implied in the translation of the film "Darkest Hour". Regarding a film as a communicative process mediated by certain semiotic features makes it possible to analyze the semiotic character of film discourse in translation. Thus, it was decided that translation is not just a speech-oriented process but a communicative act taking place within a definite semiotic space in a cross-cultural perspective. The semiotic model of cinematic discourse has a complicated structure and is analyzed based on semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic criteria. The choice of the semiotic system primarily depends on the communicative situation and its recipients. As the semiotic system of the film "Darkest Hour" is both socioculturally and situationally conditioned, the translator reconstructed the sense of the source language text by implying the translation transformations that assured the accuracy and adequacy of its translation into the target language text.

Calculations of the maximum light wavelength of intrinsic absorption for the unstrained and strained germanium nanofilm were carried out. It was established that the photosensitivity of such nanofilm with the thickness of d 10 nm significantly depends on the effects of dimensional quantization and the magnitude of internal mechanical strains. It is shown that the variation of the thickness of the germanium nanofilm and the component composition of the Ge(x)Si(1–x) substrate allow controlling by its photosensitivity in the range from 0.8 to 4 μm.