Liberal Culturalism and Neo-Roman Republicanism : Normative Responses to Cultural and Religious Diversity ; Culturalisme libéral et républicanisme néo-romain : réponses normatives à la diversité culturelle et religieuse
This dissertation examines the responses that liberal culturalism and neo-Roman republicanism provide to the question of what position the democratic state should adopt in contexts characterized by the presence of individuals and groups who have different cultural and religious commitments to those of the majority culture and religion. Our study consists of an original and comparative theoretical reconstruction of the answers given to this question by eight dominant political theories within these two currents. Concerning liberal culturalism, this dissertation examines the answers given by the liberal theory of minority rights (Kymlicka), the perfectionist theory (Raz), the nationalist theory (Tamir) and the neutralist theory (Patten). Regarding the neo-Roman republicanism, this dissertation examines the theory of freedom and government (Pettit), the deliberative theory (Maynor), the critical theory (Laborde) and the republican patriotism (Viroli, Habermas and Laborde). This research is intended to contribute to the clarification and systematization of these theories and defend the idea that liberalism and republicanism are both philosophically compatible with the government consideration of cultural and religious diversity, in particular because of the adaptation of their fundamental principles to the contemporary pluricultural reality. ; Cette thèse examine les réponses que le culturalisme libéral et le républicanisme néo-romain donnent à la question de savoir quelle position l'État démocratique doit adopter dans des contextes caractérisés par la présence d'individus et de groupes ayant des engagements culturels et religieux différents de ceux de la culture et de la religion majoritaires. Notre étude constitue un exercice de reconstruction théorique original et comparatif de la réponse apportée à cette question par huit théories politiques dominantes se situant au sein de ces deux courants. En ce qui concerne le culturalisme libéral, la thèse examine les réponses apportées par la théorie du droit des minorités ...