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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of academic motivation, self-efficacy, and performance on students' engagement in IPTC (ideological and political theories courses) at a leading private university, Heilongjiang international university, located in the southeast of China. Nowadays, it is China's national strategy to improve the quality of IPTC education, which will train more talents to contribute to the socialist cause in China. Using SWOT, this study analyzes the opportunities and challenges of IPTC education at present. The study was conducted quantitatively and applied the multi-stage sampling technique by simple random sampling, and quota sampling method. A sample size of 200 students from year 1 semester II to year 4 who are studying in various majors in HIU which has a population of more than 4,000 students studying the IPTC. The data, which is collected through the questionnaire of students' engagement passed the reliability and validity tests, were analyzed by using multiple linear regression to confirm the hypotheses testing. The results revealed academic motivation, self-efficacy, and performance have a significant effect on students' engagement in IPTC.

Both the Hui Muslims, the majority Muslim population in China, and the Chinese authority have tried to construct and maintain the identities that they respectively prioritized through emphasizing the adherence to their respective legal traditions and/or institutions, which are, within the context of the current PhD research, the Islamic Sharīʿa tradition and the Chinese legal tradition(s) plus official institutions, respectively. This dissertation is a socio-historical investigation into the relations between the Sharīʿa and the pre-communist Chinese legal systems. It is based on the assumption that for the Hui Muslims following the Sharīʿa law, though to various degrees, defines their identity of being a Muslim, and respecting and being subjects of the Chinese law defines one's Chineseness. The dissertation thus asks how these two normative traditions contribute to the construction of the Chinese Hui Muslims' dual-identity of being Muslim and Chinese. It examines the conditions under which the two legal traditions shaped the dual identity of "Muslim" and "Chinese" for the Hui Muslims, and whether a merging of these two identities has been realized. It also discusses how the Hui Muslims have dealt with the changing dynamic and oftentimes tensional relations between the two traditions in different socio-political situations of Chinese society over time. It explores the possible major causes of the tensions for the Hui Muslims to become Chinese without losing their Muslim identification both in the imperial and modern Chinese socio-legal contexts before 1949. On the one hand, it reveals what Sharīʿa law means to the Chinese Hui Muslims, and what it means for them to follow the Sharīʿa in terms of their perceptions of who they are. More importantly, on the other hand, the dissertation further addresses what challenges the Hui Muslims encountered facing the Chinese official law, and what are the socio-cultural and political conditions under which these challenges emerged and were negotiated. In this regard, the ...

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the impact mechanism of supply chain relationship quality on knowledge sharing and firms' innovation performance during supply chain collaborative innovation.


Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model linking supply chain relationship quality, knowledge sharing and firms' innovation performance is developed, and the hypotheses of the relationships among them are proposed. To test these hypotheses with structural equation modeling, this study conducts a survey of 287 Chinese manufacturing firms that carried out collaborative innovation with supply chain partners.


Findings
Supply chain relationship quality has a significant positive effect on tacit knowledge sharing but its positive effect on explicit knowledge sharing is not significant. Both explicit and tacit knowledge sharing across supply chain enterprises positively influence firms' innovation performance. Supply chain relationship quality influences firms' innovation performance directly as well as indirectly through the mediating roles of explicit and tacit knowledge sharing.


Originality/value
This study provides empirical evidence of supply chain relationship quality's direct and indirect effects through explicit and tacit knowledge sharing on firms' innovation performance. This study also provides supply chain practitioners with better understanding of the importance of developing relationship quality and knowledge sharing across supply chain as they are positively associated with firms' innovation performance.

Since the late 1990s citizens from the People's Republic of China have become the largest single group of international students in all major English-speaking countries. However, relatively little has been done to understand the political dimension of Chinese students' experience in their host societies. Taking Canada as a case country with democracy as a point of reference, this paper explores Chinese international students' political interactions with Canadian society. Delving into six social-science graduate students' lived experience with democracy in Metro Vancouver, this paper highlights the fact that some Chinese students tend to become highly sensitive to the political significance and implications of their overseas experience in and through their engagement with democratic discourses and practices in Canada. Furthermore, those students who have obtained Canadian permanent residency or citizenship are even inclined to become fairly active in political life in Canada.自从二十世纪九十年代末,中华人民共和国的公民已经成为所有主要英语国家最大的国际学生群体。然而,很少有研究关注中国学生留学经历的政治层面。本文选取加拿大为案例国,以民主为参照点,探究中国留学生与加拿大社会之间的互动。此研究的受访对象是六位在大温哥华地区就读不同社会科学专业的研究生。通过深入分析受访对象在加拿大对民主的亲身经历,本文突出强调以下一点,即有些中国留学生会通过他们对民主话语以及民主实践的参与而对其留学经历的政治意义和政治含义变得高度敏感。此外,那些在留学过程中获得加拿大永久居民身份和加拿大公民身份的中国留学生甚至更倾向于在加拿大的政治生活中变得相当活跃。This article is in Chinese Language

Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich vorwiegend um eine mehrdimensionale, deskriptive Studie des chinesischen Fiskalsystems, welche in Anlehnung an die Methodenlehre Gustav Schmollers einen methodischen Pluralismus verfolgt und auf den aktuellen Fakten und Daten beruht. Sie veranschaulicht einerseits die Institutionen des chinesischen Fiskalsystems nach der Reform von 1994; Andererseits versucht sie im volkswirtschaftlichen Kontext und mit Rücksicht auf die Politik- und Sozialdimension den Erfolg und Probleme des Fiskalsystems von China zu identifizieren, wobei zweckmäßige und sich koordinierende Reformmaßnahmen gesucht werden. Dabei werden einige relevante Bereiche untersucht: der Finanzausgleich, die Bodenverpachtung, die Finanzierung der Kreise, die Staatseinnahmenquote, die Steuerstruktur, die aktuelle Ausgabestruktur und das Dualsystem. Mehrere fiskalpolitische Empfehlungen für China sind davon entnommen, besonders die Vereinfachung des Regierungssystems und des Zuweisungssystems, ein Planungssystem für die Bodenverpachtung, die Umstrukturierung der Einkommensbeteuerung, neue Grundsteuer, eine Stärkung der ländlichen Gemeinden, die Unterstützung der dörflichen Selbstverwaltungsorgane sowie die politische Beteiligung der Bürger durch den Volkskongress. Methodologisch wird die Notwendigkeit der mehrdimensionalen und fachübergreifenden Betrachtung in der finanzwissenschaftlichen Forschung hervorgehoben.

Abstract— Rice production in Xieng Ngeun District (XND), Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) faces several challenges that have resulted in a decline in rice production and a, therefore, food insecurity in the country. Smallholder farmers in XND, Luang Prabang in the Northern part of Lao are the most affected resulting in poor households and economies. Therefore, this study aims first to identify the key constraints affecting rice production systems; secondly to review the opportunities that exist in the rice production systems and lastly, to discuss opportunities that exist if the constraints are mitigated that can boost sustainable development of rice-based systems (SDRBS). A structured questionnaire was administered to village headmen, community members, and farmers in the nine selected villages with a total sample size of 374 farmers. Farmers' strength for rice is that they have agricultural land, on average 3 hectares per family. Apart from rice production, the majority of farmers have diversified into maize, Job's tears, vegetable cultivation and livestock keeping. The key strength of the respondent was the availability of land as most of them had more than 3ha of agricultural land. The diversification into the production of other crops is an important constraint to rice production. Labour was also an important constraint to rice production as most families have more than six children; thus, one member has to stay behind to take care of the children. The opportunities to improve rice production is mainly in the adoption of modern farming approaches using improved rice varieties, fertilizer application, use of herbicides for weed control and pesticides for insects and disease control. The farmers do not use pesticides to control insect pest and disease, and thus perennially faced challenges in rice production due to pest and diseases outbreaks. Moreover, there was a low rice productivity since majority of the the farmers did not use fertilizers in their fields, with a paltry 0.8% of the farmers recording ...