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AbstractWhile scholars have devoted significant attention to religious institutions' role in democratization, less attention has been given to their role in autocratization. Moreover, religious economy approaches suggest that religious institutions are flexible to offer whatever is of interest to the marketplace, but here the role the institutions played in the third wave of democratization suggests a stable commitment. I test the impact of religious monopoly and the historical pro-democratizing role on 52 dominant religious institutions' stances towards autocratic practices related to regime survival in the post-third wave period. Logistic regression models reveal that stronger religious monopolies decrease the probability of opposing regime survival, while the historical pro-democratizing role of the dominant religious groups in the third wave increases the probability. Furthermore, when the religious market is highly monopolized, the commitment to a democratic role in the third wave is weak, and it is strengthened when there is intense religious competition.

Wael Mohamed Lotfy Parasitology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Abstract: Plague is a zoonotic disease which has been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout the recorded human history. This review was carried out with the aim of evaluating the current situation of human plague in Africa. The disease was reported from at least 28 countries in the continent, among them eight countries are currently with active human foci. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Madagascar are the countries with the highest endemicity in the world. A unique gathering of factors involved in the disease re-emergence in other parts of the world is present in Madagascar. The risk factors affecting persistence and spread of plague in the country were briefly reviewed. Based on the data presented, it was concluded that all African countries should be concerned by the possible emergence/re-emergence of the disease. It is crucial to implement some preventive measures in these countries. These measures include surveillance of suspected natural foci, rodent and insect eradication campaigns, and public health education. Keywords: emergence, re-emergence, disease, plague, Africa, public health

The number of "dialysis" patients in Egypt is about 60 thousand, each of them needs at least 13 sessions per month, with 3 sessions per week, the duration of one session is four continuous hours, the majority of patients are under the age of fifty, according to the Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation – ESNT (Magdi, A. 2021).Also, according to the same previous source, Egypt has approximately 460 private and governmental dialysis centers, distributed all over Egypt Othman, A. & Hisham, M. & Hosni, M. (2018).Since the man is the main engine for countries progress and development, the state provides specialized dialysis centers furnished well to ensure best care for users. Here appears the role of applied arts in providing products that serve humankind and advance society, as one of the main objectives of establishing colleges of applied arts is community service, through continuous communication with all community organizations to influence and be affected by them and to serve as scientific, research and reference leadership (du.edu.eg 2021.)To perform a dialysis session, the patient needs a dialysis machine and a bed or chair while receiving treatment. Due to the high cost of imported dialysis chaise longue, some hospitals use residence beds as an alternative solution. And due to the patient's need to repeat dialysis sessions at least 3 sessions per week, and some of them need daily sessions according to the patient's health condition. A study of a dialysis chair design that can be manufactured locally to avoid the high cost and achieve physical comfort for the patient, as well as provide the patient with solutions that help in killing the sense of time is needed, which may contribute in improving the patient psychological condition, which may help raise the rate of recovery.

This paper analyzes aspects of Egyptian history, including unique qualities that influenced the Egyptian culture and gave it its identity that has developed throughout the years until today. It will also discuss Egyptian visual arts and its critical role throughout history, including how arts have appeared and developed over Egypt's lifetime and influenced the Egyptian citizen. Furthermore, this research sheds light on the effects of every political change that took place in Egypt, and how that could be a mirror of the Egyptian civilization, its development and its decline while considering the role of visual arts throughout and after the revolution of 2011. Analyzing Egyptian culture, education, technology, internet and multimedia after the revolution can be imperative to understand the cultural identity and the role of visual arts in Egypt. Thus the mutual relationship between arts and the Egyptian cultural identity will be questioned, along with the way that they impact each other, and finally, how both of them could play a key role in developing Egypt after the 25th of January, 2011 revolution.

People's opinions are considered as the most powerful source of market research. Popularly, Social Media has become a tool that is used in an easy way including huge number of users who can share their opinions about products or services and their thoughts about current problems of the society and express their views on political and religious issues. The knowledge extracted from social media contains sentiment data – that is not included in corporate database – that can be used to improve the marketing campaigns to retain customers and meet their needs in a better way. The integration and merging between both social media data and corporate data can lead to better insights that would not have been possible to gain without such integration. In this paper, we will use Twitter as a social media source platform to do a feature based level sentiment analysis using tweets including opinions about a specific product. . The research discussed three different ways to extract (feature/opinion) pairs from each text including: Normal Tokenization, N-gram Modeling Extraction, and Noun Chunking Extraction. The extracted opinion phrase related to each extracted feature is being classified using sentiment classification algorithm. A decision is taken about the best between the three ways according to the resulted measurements. SCDJF had been evaluated using multiple techniques. The best results occurred from Noun Chunking Extraction with accuracy 77%. Summarization of the results will show how this can be used to enhance decision making process of the organization. Summarization of the results will show how this can be used to enhance decision making process of the organization.

The underrepresentation of women in sports leadership positions raises significant concerns regarding equality and diversity. This study aims to explore the relationship between sports leadership and gender. The objective is to understand and highlight the individual, organizational, and societal factors hindering women's progress in sports leadership roles. This paper identified 32 publications out of 157 selected references through the systematic literature review (SLR) method. The results of this meta-analysis reveal that despite their active involvement in sports, women remain inadequately represented in leadership roles. In fact, women face several challenges, including sexism, underestimation of their skills, and associating them with family constraints. Consequently, it becomes imperative to take concrete measures to promote gender equality and an equal professional development environment for both genders. Several areas for future studies could deepen the understanding of sports leadership and gender, including cross-linguistic comparisons, intersectional perspectives, longitudinal analyses, a study of male dynamics, technological impact, the evaluation of organizational policies and practices, as well as cultural comparisons.