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This open access book gathers the proceedings of the 4th International Conference "Coordinating Engineering for Sustainability and Resilience" (CESARE) & Midterm Conference of CircularB "Implementation of Circular Economy in the Built Environment", held in Timișoara, Romania, on May 29-31, 2024, as part of the COST Action CA21103. The volume represents the state of the art of sustainability and resilience in modern and future built environment, constructions, and infrastructure, and includes topics such as structural materials and robustness, fire engineering, risk assessment, impact of climate change on the built environment, sustainable resilience of systems in the built environment, smart cities, circular economy, design strategies for product design, integration of renewable energy at building and small urban area scales, restoration & rehabilitation of historical buildings, sustainable infrastructures, wind energy structures, façade engineering, green buildings, and waste management.

AbstractThe use of humidification-dehumidification water desalination technology has been shown to be a practical means of meeting the demand for freshwater. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of salinity on HDH techniques that have various benefits in terms of both economics and the environment, including the capacity to operate at low temperatures, utilize sustainable energy sources, the need for low maintenance, and straightforward construction requirements. Also, in this review, it is observed that the HDH system's components are strong and capable of treating severely salinized water. It can treat water in an appropriate way than other desalination technologies. This technology has recently been commercialized to treat highly salinized generated water. However, more research is needed to determine how salinity affects HDH productivity. According to several research investigations, while the specific thermal energy consumption increased considerably and the productivity of water per unit of time decreased significantly as the salt mass percentage grew, the purity of clean water did not suffer. The rejected brine must be reduced by increasing the total water recovery ratio in the HDH system. Through this review, it was found that brine control is becoming increasingly important in the water processing industry. ZLD systems, which aim to recover both freshwater and solid salts, can be a viable replacement for disposal methods. Finally, through this reviewer, it was concluded that HDH desalination systems may operate with extremely saline water while increasing salinity has a significant influence on system performance.