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A 'victim of trafficking' is an identity that an individual can adopt to access legal resources that would otherwise not be open to them. However, this identity contains certain implicit assumptions about that individual and their experiences. This article analyses 12 applications for a one-year visa, written by women from the former Soviet Union who were trafficked to Israel and forced to sell sex. To apply for a visa as a 'victim of trafficking' applicants assert certain narrative tropes to emphasise their desire to belong in Israel. These tropes obscure the complexities of their experiences by emphasising themes of naivety and innocence, a commitment to familial obligations and a lack of agency. They reject the alternative identity of a migrant sex worker and distance themselves from any implication of a desire to illegally cross national borders. When they describe their hopes for the future, they assert normative gendered desires to marry and have children. This article argues that by closely alignin...

Bicameralism remains a common legislative arrangement, providing a classic potential check on political executives. But this potential is not always realised, leading scholars to ask which factors contribute to bicameralism that is 'strong'. One well-established analysis is that of Arend Lijphart, in his account of majoritarian and consensus democracies. This bases bicameral strength on two dimensions: 'symmetry' of the two chambers' formal powers and 'incongruence' of their composition. Other theorists reason in similar ways. But recent British developments, backed by evidence from other states, expose flaws in this approach. A more convincing theory must be 'three-dimensional', recognising the centrality of perceived legitimacy to bicameral strength. Legitimacy is fundamental to understanding bicameralism, due both to the composition of some second chambers and to the role of all such chambers in challenging democratically elected first chambers. Lijphart did note that legitimacy affected the dynamics of bicameralism, but its role is both more central, and significantly more complex, than he suggested.

One obvious way of achieving the 'more democratic' upper house which the Labour government has promised would be for its members to be elected. Many other countries elect their upper houses and this briefing looks at what lessons can be drawn from two of them - Italy and Australia. Would a directly elected second chamber simply mirror the lower house? Would it be too powerful? What electoral system would it be appropriate to use? What would be the impact on the British political system? The briefing seeks to answer some of these questions.

The government has expressed a commitment to maintain an independent element in the reformed second chamber, and not to hand overall control to any one party. This raises the question of how independent members are selected for the house. Appointment is one solution, but others include ex-officio seats for defined vocational groups, or election from these groups. Ireland is the only country in the world where such a system is used for the bulk of second chamber members - through elections using vocational categories, with nominations from voluntary and professional organisations. This briefing looks at the Irish system and lessons to be learnt for the reformed House of Lords.

The abolition of hereditary peers' rights will leave the UK with a wholly appointed transitional upper house. The second stage will be decided only after a Royal Commission has reported. This briefing looks at the lessons to be learned from the only other wholly appointed upper house in a western democracy: the Canadian Senate. Experience from Canada suggests that without proper safeguards there could be high levels of cynicism about the transitional appointed house. It will be essential to reform the appointments system to the new chamber, and to ensure that momentum is kept up for the second stage. Despite consensus on the need to change, the Canadian Senate still remains unreformed after a century of debate. This is the first in a series of briefings about lessons from second chambers around the world.

Caption title: Reconstruction of rebel states. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The Land before the Lakes: The Difference between God-Made and Human-Made -- I. THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS LAKES -- 1. The Army Corps of Engineers -- 2. Allatoona Lake (1950) -- 3. J. Strom Thurmond Lake (1953) -- 4. Lake Sidney Lanier (1957) -- 5. Lake Hartwell (1962) -- 6. Carters Lake (1977) -- 7. Richard B. Russell Lake (1985) -- II. THE GEORGIA POWER LAKES -- 8. The Georgia Power Company -- 9. Tallulah Falls Lake (1911) -- 10. Lake Rabun (1915) -- 11. Lake Burton (1919) -- 12. Lake Tugalo (1923) -- 13. Lake Yonah (1925) -- 14. Lake Seed (1927) -- 15. Lake Heath/Antioch (1995) -- III. THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY LAKES -- 16. The Tennessee Valley Authority -- 17. Lake Blue Ridge (1927) -- 18. Lake Chatuge (1942) -- 19. Lake Nottely (1942) -- Afterword. The Haunting Question, "What If ?" -- Notes -- Bibliography -- About the Author.

"Salmonella is major pathogen that can result in foodborne illness. This book explains the origin of Salmonella on poultry and offers intervention strategies for controlling Salmonella during breeding, hatching, grow-out, transportation, and processing. The text examines the implications and proper use of chemicals, how to diagnose and tune a processing plant to eliminate Salmonella, and how to verify intervention strategies to ensure that they are working. It also discusses the implications of recycling water on Salmonella contamination and offers practical tips for increasing yield during processing while controlling for Salmonella and designing the proper equipment to eliminate Salmonella"--Provided by publisher