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This chapter gives an original response to one of the central questions asked in this book: to what extent does the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) impact domestic political and legal systems and what are its implications? More specifically, how might the CJEU increase the impact of its rulings and legal mandates in national judiciaries and legal systems? This question is crucial if we understand that national courts are the key decentralised enforcers of the European Union (EU) law responsible for ensuring the effectiveness of EU law and the rulings and mandates imposed by the Court. EU scholars have already offered several legalist and institutionalist responses to why national courts participate in this process of legal integration in the EU and, most importantly, why the follow the mandates and rulings from the CJEU. This chapter innovates in this regard by introducing trust between judges as a new mechanism for enhancing the cooperation and compliance by national courts with the CJEU jurisprudence and EU legal mandates. The chapter describes the conditions under which national judges trust the CJEU to identify how the Court can promote trust in its role as a supreme adjudicator in the EU law system.

AbstractThis article aims to highlight the relevance of judicial trust in international courts, focusing on national judges' trust in the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). EU scholars have put a great deal of effort into explaining how legal and political factors affect the use of preliminary references by national courts. However, there is still a gap in the literature on the development of trust as a functional principle encouraging co‐operation between national and international courts. This article explores the nature, causes and potentials of judicial trust for the EU judicial system. A theory is offered in the article, which links national judges' trust in the CJEU to their corporatist identification and profile, to their attitudes towards the EU, and to their beliefs about the CJEU's ability to provide decisions that: 1) offer a clear guidance on European Union law, and 2) will not undermine Member States' legal order.

Publication based on research carried out in the framework of the European Union Democracy Observatory (EUDO) of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las bases del modelo de universidad pública surgido de las condiciones de la transición a la democracia y su relación con las políticas de reforma que se han sucedido desde entonces. El método empleado parte del análisis de la normativa legal junto a los debates parlamentarios, estudios e informes que durante el trámite legislativo y tras su puesta en práctica fueron elaborados por distintos organismos, además de diversas investigaciones, monografías y artículos científicos, prensa escrita y otros medios de comunicación. Las principales fuentes son de carácter legal y documental, haciendo uso de los testimonios recogidos en entrevistas realizadas a algunos responsables de la gestión de la vida universitaria. La conclusión principal es que la aplicación de la esencia de la democracia en el desarrollo de los principios de libertad y autonomía reconocidos en la Constitución española de 1978 en la universidad es válida para sus modelos de gobierno, pero necesita desarrollar sistemas capaces de garantizar la eficiencia en la gestión del conocimiento y en la toma de decisiones, que de acuerdo al ordenamiento constitucional permita transformarlas en instituciones de referencia capaces de garantizar la mejor formación, generación y aplicación del conocimiento como bases del futuro. ; This research aims at determining the basis of the model of public University emerged from the conditions of the transition to democracy and its relationship with the reform policies that have occurred since then. The method used is based on the analysis of the legislation along with the parliamentary debates, studies and reports that during the legislative procedure, and after its implementation, were carried out by various agencies. In addition to research, monographs and scientific articles, newspapers and other media were utilized. The main sources derive from legal and documentary nature, making use of the testimonies collected in interviews proposed to some responsibles for the management of University life. The application of the essence of democracy for the development of the ideas of freedom and autonomy recognized in the Spanish Constitution of 1978 at University as valid for their models of Government is the relevant conclusion; in addition, it needs to develop systems capable of ensuring efficiency in the management of the knowledge and in the decision-making. According to the constitutional system it could allow to transform them into institutions capable of ensuring the best training, the generation and application of knowledge as a basis for the future.