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During the catastrophic floods of 2010 in Pakistan, approximately 500 internally displaced families belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect of Islam were denied humanitarian relief. The failure of international agencies and Pakistan's government to protect basic human rights in the context of disaster relief raises profound questions. If all humanitarian work associated with natural disasters must be governed by canons of human rights, how should international agencies deal with legally empowered official discrimination? A review of the history of the Ahmadiyya community in Pakistan reveals decades of state-sanctioned persecution, particularly through its anti-blasphemy laws, and poses a serious challenge to the international community. When effective intervention is predicated on cooperation with state institutions, how can international relief agencies avoid becoming implicated in official discrimination? The denial of flood aid to Pakistan's Ahmadiyya community highlights the need for concerted action in disaster settings to prevent discrimination against vulnerable groups. Discriminatory legislation is not only a violation of basic norms enshrined in international compacts, it is a key problem for disaster relief. Adapted from the source document.

<p class="p1">Prolonged exposure to high altitude is known to cause pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. Despite the advancements in diagnostics of pulmonary hypertension (PH), a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of PH progression is still lacking. High altitude induced pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) is great concern in mountain regions across the world. Early diagnosis and monitoring the disease progression are critical for therapeutic decisions. A fibrinolytic peptide, alpha-2-antiplasmin (α2AP) is known to cause tissue and vascular remodeling. Recently, elevated levels of α2AP were reported in different forms of PH; however its role in high altitude induced pulmonary hypertension is not yet known. To assess whether α-2AP can be used as diagnostic marker for HAPH, a cross sectional study was carried out on 100 healthy male Indian army soldiers who were posted to high altitude (14,800 ft to 18,700 ft) for a prolonged period of 6 to 8 months. We used 2D Echocardiography to screen the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and semi-quantitatively ELISA method for estimation of α-2AP in plasma. We found 34 out of 100 subjects have elevated PASP upon immediate screening after de-induction to moderate altitude of 10,000 ft. Age matched 17 subjects with elevated PASP were assessed for plasma levels of α-2AP in comparison to subjects with normal PASP, but posted to same altitude for same duration of time. Here for the first time we demonstrated an increase in plasma level of α-2AP was positively correlated with hypoxia induced elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. However, additional comprehensive investigations are warranted with large sample size to confirm our findings and explore the use of α2AP as potential diagnostic marker for monitoring progression of HAPH.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>

Parce qu'elle représente une transition majeure dans la vie de la population âgée, la retraite peut avoir une incidence sur le bienêtre, en raison des changements liés au mode de vie, aux émotions et aux finances qui l'accompagnent. Dans cette étude, nous étudions empiriquement l'effet de la retraite sur la satisfaction à l'égard de la vie au Canada, à l'aide des données de l'Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes – Vieillissement en santé de 2008–2009. Isoler l'effet de la retraite sur la satisfaction à l'égard de la vie présente des difficultés intrinsèques : autosélection, causalité inverse et hétérogénéité non observée propre à la personne pouvant avoir une incidence à la fois sur la satisfaction à l'égard de la vie et sur la décision de prendre sa retraite. Pour tenir compte de ces facteurs, nous étudions les seuils pour l'âge de la retraite déterminés par la Sécurité de la vieillesse et du Régime de pensions du Canada/Régime de rentes du Québec en tant que variables instrumentales dans la décision de prendre sa retraite. Les estimations qui résultent de nos analyses donnent à penser que la retraite a un effet positif et important sur la satisfaction à l'égard de la vie de la population âgée au Canada. Cet effet demeure significatif après contrôle des variables de l'âge, du sexe, de l'état matrimonial, du niveau de scolarité, du revenu du ménage, de la race, du statut d'immigrant et des effets fixes à l'échelle provinciale.

Currently the regional government of Central Sulawesi Province through the Ministry of PUPR has built several permanent residential units (Huntap) for victims of the natural disaster on September 28 2018 that occurred in Palu City, one of which is located in Tondo Village, right behind the Tadulako University Campus. However, based on the results of the initial survey that had been carried out, there were still some things that were not given much attention, such as the provision of housing facilities and infrastructure as well as the shape of houses and their locations that did not respond to the topographic climatic conditions in Palu City. Based on the above premise, regarding the importance of permanent housing arrangement for victims of natural disasters, a problem can be formulated, namely "What is the concept of permanent housing arrangement in Tondo Village with a healthy shelter-based approach?"This study uses a rationalistic approach. The rationalistic approach is an approach that sees truth not solely from empirical conditions but also from argumentation as a part of thinking construction. To collect information and obtain data that is directly related to the research, a direct observation was carried out which included observation at the permanent residential location of Tondo Village which was the object of this study.The design concept carried out in the arrangement of permanent housing in Tondo Village is to formulate the concept of providing housing facilities and infrastructure. In addition to this, the model of residential buildings is also designed to be more attractive, so that it will be different from the appearance of permanent residential buildings that currently exist. The house design is maximized to be able to respond to the climate around a permanent residence, so as to be able to produce designs that guarantee the health of the residents of the house. The structural system used is no different from existing huntap building structural system, namely the simple healthy instant house structure system (RISHA).