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The life of Alija Izetbegovic, first president of independent Bosnia-Herzegovina is recounted. From a pan-Islamist youth who strongly advocated the creation of a Muslim community but rejected the use of violence, to a seasoned politician who strived to avoid war at all costs, Izetbegovic was a main player during the war in the Balkans. The historical timeline of the disintegration of Yugoslavia & the role played by Izetbegovic is presented. A. M. Barral

Changes in modernity that led from a vernacular concept of gender to an economic one are discussed. Vernacular (applied in the sense of limited or subsistence) gender is taken as the uncomplicated division into masculine & feminine: two unequal subdivisions, complementing each other in an asymmetric & ambiguous way. Vernacular gender concepts are found in non-Western societies. In displacing the concept of vernacular gender & treating males & females as equals in the labor market, Western capitalism has proved to be highly discriminatory toward women, as evidenced in both paid & unpaid labor. M. Pflum