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Martinez-Alier talks about economic degrowth and environmental justice movements. The Southern environmental justice organizations' potential alliance with the small degrowth movement in Europe cannot mandate an agreement to stop economic growth everywhere. Rather, the alliance must be based on a common perspective against 'debt-fuelled' economic growth and the hegemony of economic accounting in favor of a pluralism of values, the acceptance and support of bottom-up feminist neo-Malthusianism, the defense of human rights and indigenous territorial rights along with the rights of nature, the recognition of the ecological debt, and the critique of ecologically unequal exchange. Adapted from the source document.

Discusses urbanism, urbanization, & sustainability, describing the modern history of the conflict between cities & ecology, economic growth, & the environment. Urban sprawl's impact on resources is considered, followed by an examination of the environmental justice movement & its confrontation of environmental racism. The roles of place & pollution sources & of race/ethnicity are analyzed. The concluding section addresses both the North-South & rural-urban aspects of the environmental justice movement, recommending global cooperation. 1 Figure. K. Coddon

Shrimp are harvested in two different ways. They are fished in the sea (sometimes to the cost of turtles) or they are 'farmed' in ponds in coastal areas. Such aquaculture is increasing around the world as shrimp become a valuable item of world trade. Mangrove forests are sacrificed for commercial shrimp farming. The author considers the conflict between mangrove conservation and shrimp exports in different countries. Who has title to the mangroves, who wins and who loses in this tragedy of enclosures? Which languages of valuation are used by different actors in order to compare the increase in shrimp exports and the losses in livelihoods and in environmental services? The economic valuation of damages is only one of the possible languages of valuation which are relevant in practice. Who has the power to impose a particular language of valuation?

The status of environmental awareness movements in contemporary South Africa is investigated. The connection between present-day environmental & antiracist movements within both South Africa & the US is noted; nevertheless, it is claimed that the existence of a peasant/postcolonial population in South African distinguishes the two movements. Several environmental problems created by South Africa's apartheid regime for today's citizens are identified, eg, high rates of asbestosis among miners in the northern region. It is subsequently argued that miners & others suffering health problems were prevented from voicing their complaints by the apartheid regime's structure & institutions. Consequently, it is recommended that mining companies & other industrial offenders should be held responsible for existing environmental problems. The need for environmentalist & human rights organization to collaborate against the industrial community in stressed. J. W. Parker