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Since the very beginning The leaders of the Third Reich were trying to win over the youth becoming the object of the politicization and nazification under strict control by the Nazi party and the state. In this report the ideological and cultural methods and ways of organization of the youth education and re-education in the spirit of National Socialism of 1933-1941 are considered.

The author considers the ideological trends of fi rst third of the XX century – "National Communism" in Russia and "National Democracy" in Turkey. An attempt is made to present Sultangalievism and Kemalismas two versions of modernization of the Turkic and Muslim world.

The author considers the ideological trends of fi rst third of the XX century – "National Communism" in Russia and "National Democracy" in Turkey. An attempt is made to present Sultangalievism and Kemalismas two versions of modernization of the Turkic and Muslim world.

In this paper cultural and educational measures of the Soviet/Russian state authorities and the Leninist Komsomol, aimed at the politicization of the multinational youth, have been considered.

The main peculiarities of youth policy of totalitarian states of 1930s are considered in the paper. The establishment of totalitarian regimes in Russia, Germany and some other countries had totally transformed the life of these nations. It was the way to democracy, to contemporary civil society and the social state, full of hardships, violence and bloodshed. There were only two all-nation youth leagues – Leninist Youth League and Hitlerjugend - that turned out to have the most outstanding results in the history. Their comparative research is most interesting and instructive.

The paper deals with sociological findings and statistical figures concerning the young country-men of an important Russian region - Republic of Bashkortostan. Authors offer new methods of practical analysis and theoretical investigation of social and psychological problems of rural youth.