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International audience ; Despite the expressed desire for 'evidence based policy', especially in the environmental field, many policies seem to ignore available knowledge and to put aside scientific evidence. The science-policy interface, therefore, has abundant examples showing that knowledge production and decisionmaking processes should be analysed together. In this regard, we address the question of how biodiversity scientists could participate in social and political negotiation so that scientific biodiversity knowledge becomes evidence. We use the use of Bti for mosquito control in the Camargue, South of France, as an empirical case study to examine the place of biodiversity in the decision-making process and the role of scientists supporting biodiversity conservation. We demonstrate that to become evidence, scientific knowledge has to be widely adopted by stakeholders. In that context, biodiversity scientists have to keep demonstrating impacts on biodiversity to maintain the controversy opened. They also have to propose and eventually test alternative solutions. Combining actor-network theory and strategic analysis, our approach encourages social scientists to adopt casebased long-term field studies to contribute to reflections by biodiversity scientists as they struggle to make their work impact biodiversity policy.

International audience ; Despite the expressed desire for 'evidence based policy', especially in the environmental field, many policies seem to ignore available knowledge and to put aside scientific evidence. The science-policy interface, therefore, has abundant examples showing that knowledge production and decisionmaking processes should be analysed together. In this regard, we address the question of how biodiversity scientists could participate in social and political negotiation so that scientific biodiversity knowledge becomes evidence. We use the use of Bti for mosquito control in the Camargue, South of France, as an empirical case study to examine the place of biodiversity in the decision-making process and the role of scientists supporting biodiversity conservation. We demonstrate that to become evidence, scientific knowledge has to be widely adopted by stakeholders. In that context, biodiversity scientists have to keep demonstrating impacts on biodiversity to maintain the controversy opened. They also have to propose and eventually test alternative solutions. Combining actor-network theory and strategic analysis, our approach encourages social scientists to adopt casebased long-term field studies to contribute to reflections by biodiversity scientists as they struggle to make their work impact biodiversity policy.