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This paper intends to contribute to the debate on the reasons why the Geisel administration (1974-78) chose - as it faced an adverse conjuncture - an accelerated growth agenda which was materialized in the 2nd PND (National Development Plan). In order to do so, it resorts to a methodological definition which is based upon an institutionalist approach and favors the interaction between the political and the economic variables. Contradicting the literature that interprets the strong presence of the State and the regional decentralization of the 2nd PND as signs of neopatrimonialism, it is advocated that this category of analysis is inadequate to explain the government's choice, although this aspect is embedded in the Brazilian social-historical formation. The political rationality of the plan must be investigated in the conjuncture itself, marked by the liberalization project, which does not clash with the plan's economic rationality - on the contrary, it is complemented by it. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

The Goulart Administrations (1961-1964), which consisted of a parliamentary period and a presidential period, are considered typical examples of populism in Brazil. The literature usually defines economic policies advanced by these administrations as "hesitating", "irrational" or "ambiguous." We use a credibility model to argue that there is actually a consistent pattern in the manner in which economic policy was conducted. The credibility of the economic policies is defined to be the subjective probability that the government is following a monetary rule. Early on, the administrations enacted inflation-fighting measures. However, these policies were costly, and the administrations abandoned the course of austerity. As a result, their credibility was diminished, and attempts to achieve stabilization failed. ; O governo Goulart (1961-1964), em suas fases parlamentarista e presidencialista, é considerado um exemplo típico do populismo no Brasil. A literatura sobre o período costuma definir a política econômica como hesitante, irracional ou ambígua. Neste trabalho, utiliza-se um modelo de credibilidade para explicar a condução da política econômica nas duas fases do governo. A credibilidade é definida como a probabilidade subjetiva com que os agentes avaliam o compromisso do governo para com as medidas de estabilidade por ele anunciadas, formalizadas por uma regra monetária. Nas duas fases o governo inicia com medidas de combate à inflação. À medida queo tempo passa, como resultado dos custos associados a esta política, a austeridade é abandonada, a credibilidade diminui e as tentativas de estabilização falham.

This article presents a study on the use of natural fibers as reinforcement of epoxy resin in an application of IPSC training targets. In the present research, DGEBA/TETA epoxy matrix composites were manufactured in association with 30% in volume of ramie fibers (Boehmeria nivea). The composites were manufactured according to IPSC practice standards to compare the resulting product with targets currently available in the market. The plate was molded in humanoid shape with dimensions (LxWxH) ‎42x26x3 cm. Ramie fibers were used with no treatment, the fiber underwent a washing and drying process at electric oven. The product manufacturing process was divided into several stages to assess all the expenses and costs inherent in the process. The stages separation allowed for obtaining all the material manufacturing costs and the calculation of the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). The entire analysis pointed out a significant use of labor hours in manual processes, such as fiber washing, resin mixing with its hardener, and also material molding. These processes generate high costs in the manufacturing process. These elements increased the Cost of Goods Sold and can be reduced through simple practices such as mechanizing the production line and automating processes. However, such actions require a return on investment analysis to ensure that the expenses incurred will be recovered.

The experiments conducted in this work aimed at studying and developing a Fe-Cu-Ni-Sn-WC-based alloy, with different additions of Boron Carbide. The production of this metallic matrix is intended for the manufacturing of beads, to be used in diamond wires for cutting ornamental rocks. Five compositions were used for the investigation: samples with 2% B4C, 4% B4C, 5% B4C, 8% B4C, and 10% B4C. Initially, rectangular geometry composites were obtained via hot pressing, and then sintered under the same temperature conditions (800°C) and pressure (34MPa). The obtained segments reached approximately 18.00 mm in length, with widths between 12.80 mm and 15.20 mm, and a height of 3.00 mm. The process of obtaining the density of the samples involved using the Archimedes' method, which consists of submerging the sample in a liquid of known density and measuring the amount of displaced liquid. The density of the sample is then calculated by the ratio of its mass to the volume of displaced liquid. This method is particularly useful for determining the density of irregular or porous solid materials, such as the mentioned composites.The conducted studies serve as a basis for the development of new research aimed at the production of diamond matrices for use in cutting tools.