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Giant cell arteritis, a vascular inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, is most often observed in Caucasian females over age 50. The vascular changes, involving the cranial arteries, result in oral and perioral symptoms as well as headache and scalp tenderness. Since involvement of the ophthalmic artery can result in visual disturbances and sudden blindness, dentists must be familiar with the signs and symptoms of this condition and refer patients for immediate medical assessment and care. Oral corticosteroid therapy is the treatment of choice.

A reading of a portion of Antonio Gramsci's Quaderni del carcere ([Prison Notebooks] Gerratana, V. [Ed], Torino: Einaudi, 1975) attempts to theorize the Italian thinker's ideas on women & sexuality. Although Gramsci initially equates women with sex, it is suggested that he then correlates reproduction with sex &, in the process, drops its gender-specific connotations. It is argued that Gramsci sets up an opposition between production & female sexuality. Conclusions speculate on other interactions between Gramsci & feminism in terms of the conditions of the postmodern world. 20 References. L. Baker

NEWLY ELECTED GOVERNMENTS IN MUCH OF LATIN AMERICA HAVE CONFRONTED URGENT PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMIC REFORM. THIS ESSAY EXAMINES SOME OF THE MAJOR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN POLITICAL OPENING AND ECONOMIC REFORM IN COUNTRIES WHERE THESE HAVE OCCURRED MORE OR LESS SIMULTANEOUSLY. IT ARGUES THAT THE ECONOMIC REFORM AGENDA CHANGES SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN THE LAUNCH PHASES AND LATER PHASES. IT BEGINS WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS AND THE IMMEDIATE POSTRANSITION PERIOD THAT EITHER ENCOURAGE OR IMPEDE THE LAUNCHING OF ECONOMIC REFORM. THE FOCUS THEN CHANGES TO THE LATER STAGES OF ECONOMIC REFORM, WITH AN EXAMINATION OF HOW EVOLVING DEMOCRATIC POLITICS AFFECTS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THOSE LATER-PHASE ECONOMIC REFORM. FINALLY, THE ESSAY SKETCHES SOME OF THE MAJOR CHANNELS THROUGH WHICH BOTH FIRST-PHASE AND LATER PHASE ECONOMIC REFORM AFFECT THE CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRACY.