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Introduction : Clifford Odimegwu -- Chapter 2: Family Demography In Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review Of Family Research: Clifford Odimegwu, Nicole De Wet, Sunday Adedini and Sathiyasusuman Appunni -- Chapter 3: Justice, The 'African Family' And Obligations: Edwin Etieyibo -- Chapter 4: Theoretical Perspectives On Family Research: Ntoimo Lorretta Favour C. Ntoimo & Clifford O. Odimegwu -- Chapter 5: Demography Of African Family: 19th-21st Century: Nyasha Mutanda and Emmanuel O. Amoo -- Chapter 6: Family Formation In Africa: Trends In Age At Marriage, Union Types, Patterns And Determinants: Emmanuel O. Amoo -- Chapter 7:Union Dissolution-Divorce, Separation And Widowhood In Sub-Saharan Africa: Trends, Patterns And Determinants: Sunday A. Adedini, Oluwaseyi Somefun, Clifford Odimegwu & Lorretta Ntoimo -- Chapter 8: Demography Of Single Parenthood In Africa: Trends, Patterns, Determinants And Consequences: Ntoimo Lorretta Favour Chizomam and Mutanda Nyasha -- Chapter 9: Adolescent Boys And Girls In Africa: Their Demography, Behavioural Outcomes, Determinants And Consequences: Nicole De Wet, Khuthala Mabetha and Palesa Mataboge -- Chapter 10: Family Changes And Their Implications For Child Health Outcomes In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multivariate Decomposition Analysis: Joshua O. Akinyemi and Stephen O. Wandera -- Chapter 11: Family Changes And Childbearing In Sub-Saharan Africa: Pedzisai Ndagurwa and Garikayi B Chemhaka -- Chapter 12: Family Changes And Adolescent Development In Sub-Saharan Africa: Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun -- Chapter 13: Changes In Families And Households In East Africa: Lawrence Ikamari and Alfred Agwanda -- Chapter 14: Family And Household Issues In Northern Nigeria: Change And Continuity: Olatunji Alabi, Muazu A. Shamaki, Olusola A. Omisakin, Mustapha Giro and Odusina Kolawole -- Chapter 15: Socio-Economic Dimensions Of Family Violence In Sub-Saharan Africa: Vesper H. Chisumpa and Pamela Chirwa-Banda -- Chapter 16: The Role Of Family Dynamics In Teenage Pregnancy And Childbearing In Sub-Saharan Africa: Sibusiso Mkwananzi -- Chapter 17: Family Laws and Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Clifford Odimegwu and Nicole De Wet

"This handbook provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of African population dynamics, variations, causes and consequences, demonstrating the real-world applications of research in policies and programmes. African demography has come of age. Over 50 years, the discipline has grown exponentially in the number of training and research institutions, specialist experts and academic output, all with an aim of addressing the enormous demographic challenges faced by the continent. The book draws on old and emerging analytical tools to explore the relationships between population dynamics and social, economic, cultural and political environments from African perspectives. Key topics include fertility, sexual behaviours, healthcare, ageing, mortality, migration, displacement, the causes and consequences of demographic changes, and teaching and research developments in African demography. The Routledge Handbook of African Demography will be an essential resource for students and researchers of African demography, sociology, development, and cultural studies."

"This edited collection investigates what progress has been made in the field of social demography in South Africa since the democratic dispensation in the country. Contributors offer a compilation of in-depth analytical studies of substantive, technical and contemporary issues in the South African demographic landscape. Accessible and topical, it is a useful reference guide to those working in disciplines such as sociology, geography, statistics and economics, and to all those trying to understand the role of national statistical agency in national development planning in Africa. This book project is funded by Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa."--Publisher's summary

Introduction and organisation / Clifford O. Odimegwu and John Kekovole -- Examining the accuracy of age-sex data: an evaluation of Sub-Saharan African population censuses / Chuks J. Mba -- Analysis of mortality using census and household data: a practical Bayesian multilevel spatial modelling approach / Lawrence Kazembe and N.B. Kandala -- Child health and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: trends, causes and forecasts / Yohannes Kinfu, Collins Opiyo and Marilyn Wamukoya -- Indirect estimation of levels of adult mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa / Steve Adebowale and Sunday Adepoju Adedini -- Fertility transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from census data / Sunday Adepoju Adedini -- Nuptiality patterns and differentials in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of African census data / Gideon Rutaremwa -- Population distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa: internal and international migrations in Sub-Saharan Africa / Akanni Akinyemi and Sunday Omoyeni -- Demography of labour force in Sub-Saharan African censuses / Clifford O. Odimegwu and Dorothy Ononokpono -- The dynamics of household structure in Sub-Saharan Africa / Latifat Ibisomi and Nicole De Wet -- Sub-Saharan African children and adolescents: economic gain or burden? / Onipede Wusu and Emmanuel Olagunju Amoo -- Orphaned children in Sub-Saharan Africa: what can we learn from census data? / Bruno Masquelier and Abdramane B. Soura -- Profiling the elderly: understanding recent trends in acceleration of Sub-Saharan African population aging / Henry Victor Doctor -- Sex profile in education and educational attainment in Sub-Saharan Africa / Serai Daniel Rakgoasi -- Living arrangement of children in Sub-Saharan Africa and their implications on schooling / Esther W. Dungumaro -- Armed conflict and demographic outcomes in Mozambique and Rwanda: what can censuses tell us? / Carlos Arnaldo -- Population policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: evolution, achievements and challenges / John Kekovole and Clifford O. Odimegwu

AbstractThe demographic changes occurring in Mali, evident in high fertility but declining mortality rates have raised optimism about the prospects of reaping demographic dividend. However, it remains unclear how soon and what policy scenario would yield the largest demographic dividend in the country. We used a demographic-economic model "DemDiv" to assess the prospects of reaping a demographic dividend in Mali by 2050. We illuminate this further by examining the cost and implications of different combination of education, family planning and economic policies. The results show that by increasing access to education, family planning services coupled with strong economic reforms, Mali's GDP per capita will be $27,044 by 2050. This high per capita GDP is almost thrice the benefit of prioritising only economic reforms. Mali would also have a GDP of $977 billion. These findings highlight the need for sound demographic and market-oriented economic policies for Mali to reap a large demographic dividend by 2050.

SummaryUnder-five mortality remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Zimbabwe is one of the countries in the region that failed to achieve Millennium Developmental Goal 4 in 2015. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which maternal health-seeking behaviour prior to and during pregnancy and post-delivery influences the likelihood of under-five mortality among Zimbabwean children. The study was cross-sectional and data were extracted from the 2010/11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). The study sample comprised 5155 children who were born five years preceding the 2010/11 ZDHS to a sample of 4128 women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Cox Proportional Hazard regression modelling was used to examine the relationship between maternal health-seeking behaviour and under-five mortality. The results showed that maternal health-seeking behaviour factors are associated with the risk of dying during childhood. Children born to mothers who had ever used contraceptives (HR: 0.38, CI 0.28–0.51) had a lower risk of dying during childhood compared with children born to mothers who had never used any contraceptive method. The risk of under-five mortality among children who had a postnatal check-up within two months after birth (HR: 0.36, CI 0.23–0.56) was lower than that of children who did not receive postnatal care. Small birth size (HR: 1.70, CI 1.20–2.41) and higher birth order (2+) increased the risk of under-five mortality. Good maternal health-seeking behaviour practices at the three critical stages around childbirth have the potential to reduce under-five mortality. Therefore, public health programmes should focus on influencing health-seeking behaviour among women and removing obstacles to effective maternal health-seeking behaviour in Zimbabwe.

Abstract Background Although progress has been made toward reducing child morbidity and mortality globally, a large proportion of children in sub-Saharan Africa still die before age five and many suffer chronic malnutrition. This study investigated the influence of single motherhood on stunting and under-5 mortality in Cameroon, Nigeria and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Particular attention was paid to the influence of mother's economic resources, parental care and health behaviour on the difference in children's health in single and two-parent families. Methods Data were obtained from most recent Demographic and Health Surveys in Cameroon (2011), Nigeria (2008) and DRC (2007). The sample included women aged 15–49 years old and their under-5 children 11,748 in Cameroon, 28,100 in Nigeria, and 8,999 in DRC. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to estimate stunting and under-5 mortality, respectively. Results The result showed that compared with children whose mothers were in union, children of single mothers who were not widows were more likely to be stunted (OR 1.79 p < 0.01 in Cameroon and 1.69 p < .01 in DRC). Economic resources and parental care significantly influenced the higher odds of stunting in single mother households in Cameroon and DRC. Relative to children of mothers in union, the risk of under-5 mortality in single mother families was higher in the three countries (HR 1.40 p < .05 in Cameroon, 1.27 p < 0.10 in DRC, 1.55 p < .01 in Nigeria). Economic resources, parental care and health behaviour accounted for the difference in Nigeria and Cameroon; in DRC, only economic resources had marginal influence. Conclusions Single motherhood is a risk factor for children's nutritional status and chances of survival before age 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa. To achieve improved reduction in children's exposure to stunting and under-5 mortality, there is the need for public health interventions targeted at single mother households in sub-Saharan Africa.

Abstract
Nigeria has one of the highest fertility rates in Africa. Data from 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys indicate a virtual stagnation of fertility rate since 2003. Low contraceptive use and pronatalist attitudes are among the factors contributing to the high fertility rate in Nigeria. In this manuscript, we pooled data from three most recent waves of Demographic and Health Surveys to examine trends in demand for children over time and identify the factors associated with change in demand for children. The data show that demand for children has declined since 2003 although not monotonically so. Variables that were positively associated with increased likelihood of desiring no additional children were residence in the South-West (as opposed to residence in the North-Central), exposure to family planning (FP) messages on the mass media, number of children ever born, educational level, and urban residence. In contrast, uncertainty about fertility desire was more widespread in 2008 compared to 2013 although less widespread in 2003 than in 2013. The likelihood of being undecided about fertility desire was positively associated with discrepancies in family size desires between husband and wife, parity and Islamic religious affiliation. Programs should aim to increase access to effective contraceptive methods and promote demand for contraceptives as a way of fostering a sustainable reduction in demand for children. Furthermore, strategies that address uncertainty by fostering women's understanding of the social and health implications of large family sizes are relevant.

Despite the increase in the number of singlemother families in Sub-Saharan Africa as a result of family breakdown and increasing non-marital childbearing, little is known about the correlates of single motherhood in this region. Using the latest Demographic and Health Surveys data of four Sub-Saharan Africa countries, namely Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Namibia and Swaziland, this study examines the correlates of single motherhood in the selected countries. The results showed that single motherhood is prevalent, ranging between 27% in Congo-Brazzaville and 53% in Namibia, with non-marital childbearing being the major cause of single motherhood. Correlates of single motherhood varied across countries; however, age at first birth, number of living children, and occupation emerged as correlates of single motherhood across the four countries.

AbstractVoluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV has been promoted as a strategy to prevent HIV pandemics by changing sexual behaviour. Despite the provision of VCT in countries with generalized or high-burden epidemics, including Nigeria, the extent of its influence on behavioural change remains a conjecture. The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of HIV VCT on sexual behaviour changes among youths in Nigeria. The study utilized 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. Data were analysed from a nationally representative sample drawn from 8046 females and 6031 males aged 15–24 giving a total sample of 14,077 never-married youths. Descriptive and analytical analyses were carried out, including multivariate logistic regression. The study found a low uptake of HIV VCT and regional variation in behavioural changes between female and male youths. Voluntary HIV counselling and testing was found to be a protective factor for condom use at last sex for female youths, but significantly reduced the likelihood of primary sexual abstinence for both females and males, as well as having a single sexual partner for female youths. After controlling HIV VCT with other variables, certain socioeconomic factors were found to be significantly associated with behavioural changes. Thus, the attitudes of most Nigerian youths towards voluntary HIV counselling and testing needs to be improved through socioeconomic factors for healthy sexual activity. To achieve this, government and non-governmental organizations, as well as religious leaders and policymakers, should engage in appropriate and long-term activities directed at the sexual health needs of never-married youths, through voluntary HIV counselling and testing, to encourage them to change their sexual behaviour.