Saving for the third age is extremely important in the conditions of an uncertainty in the global economy, unfavorable demographic trends and the related problem of fiscal imbalances. In order to improve the sustainability of the Croatian three-pillar pension system, there have been recent attempts to significantly increase the role of voluntary pension insurance and other forms of saving for the third age. The aim of such measures is to reduce the increasing dependence of pension beneficiaries on payments from the state budget and to achieve a more sustainable pension system. Measures to encourage voluntary saving in Croatia are the state incentives for the insured and the tax benefits for employers. Despite the numerous investment advantages and government incentives for this form of saving, voluntary pension funds in Croatia are still among the least developed institutional investors, considering the amount of assets and the number of members. The question arises as to the reasons for the relative disregard of these financial institutions and the low interest of the working population in Croatia. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of voluntary pension funds and identify the reasons for the insufficient capitalised savings in the third pension pillar in Croatia.
Saving for the third age is extremely important in the conditions of an uncertainty in the global economy, unfavorable demographic trends and the related problem of fiscal imbalances. In order to improve the sustainability of the Croatian three-pillar pension system, there have been recent attempts to significantly increase the role of voluntary pension insurance and other forms of saving for the third age. The aim of such measures is to reduce the increasing dependence of pension beneficiaries on payments from the state budget and to achieve a more sustainable pension system. Measures to encourage voluntary saving in Croatia are the state incentives for the insured and the tax benefits for employers. Despite the numerous investment advantages and government incentives for this form of saving, voluntary pension funds in Croatia are still among the least developed institutional investors, considering the amount of assets and the number of members. The question arises as to the reasons for the relative disregard of these financial institutions and the low interest of the working population in Croatia. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of voluntary pension funds and identify the reasons for the insufficient capitalised savings in the third pension pillar in Croatia.
The capital market is an important source of financing for viable investment projects and further economic development. Development of long-term financial markets is particularly important for transition EU countries, taking into account that stock markets in these countries did not start to operate until the mid-1990s. Despite legislation infrastructure quality, functional training and significant progress in market effectiveness, the capital market in many transition economies may be regarded as shallow, illiquid and nontransparent. At the same time, one can observe the strong development of 'institutional saving', i.e., financial development related to financial institutions like pension funds, investment funds, and insurance companies. The phenomenon of growth of institutional investors is especially important for capital markets in CEE transition countries, including the Republic of Croatia. The goal of this paper is to test the impulse of non-bank financial intermediaries' development, and also the influence of implementing the above-mentioned structure reform on capital markets development in the selected transition countries. By applying a panel data approach on a sample of six CEE countries over the period between 1995 and 2010, we provide further evidence on the specific determinants of emerging European capital markets.
In: Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci, časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu - Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2004, pp. 25-40
Svrha ovog rada je analizirati reakcije CROBEX indeksa Zagrebačke burze na odabrane makroekonomske najave u vrlo kratkim vremenskim intervalima. U radu se koriste varijable stopa prinosa od 5 minuta od rujna 2017. do ožujka 2018. kao i 25 makroekonomskih najava. Nakon pažljive provedbe faze pripreme podataka, utvrđena je regresija za koju se koriste dummy varijable koje predstavljaju točno vrijeme objavljivanja. U obzir je uzeta heteroskedastičnost i autokorelacijske konzistentne (HAC) procjene zbog specifičnosti unutardnevnih podataka i robusnosti rezultata. Naši rezultati upućuju na to da su za unutardnevna kratka razdoblja reakcije tržišta statistički značajne. Stoga se zaključuje da se makroekonomska politika (monetarna ili fiskalna) odražava na stope prinosa hrvatskih dioničkih indeksa. Navedeno potvrđuje hipotezu učinkovitog tržišta i u skladu su sa zaključcima sličnih studija razvijenih gospodarstava. ; The purpose of this study is to analyse Zagreb Stock Exchange CROBEX Index reactions to selected macroeconomic announcements within ultra-short time intervals. We utilize 5-minute rates of returns from September 2017 to March 2018 and 25 macroeconomic announcements. After carefully arranging the data, we ran the regression with dummy variables capturing the exact announcement times. We used heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) estimations in order to account for specific characteristics of intraday data and to retain the robustness of the results. Our results indicate that, for short intraday periods, some reactions are statistically significant, but the majority stays insignificant. These conclusions support the semi-strong form of the efficient-market hypothesis and are in line with inferences of similar studies of advanced economies.
Svrha ovog rada je analizirati reakcije CROBEX indeksa Zagrebačke burze na odabrane makroekonomske najave u vrlo kratkim vremenskim intervalima. U radu se koriste varijable stopa prinosa od 5 minuta od rujna 2017. do ožujka 2018. kao i 25 makroekonomskih najava. Nakon pažljive provedbe faze pripreme podataka, utvrđena je regresija za koju se koriste dummy varijable koje predstavljaju točno vrijeme objavljivanja. U obzir je uzeta heteroskedastičnost i autokorelacijske konzistentne (HAC) procjene zbog specifičnosti unutardnevnih podataka i robusnosti rezultata. Naši rezultati upućuju na to da su za unutardnevna kratka razdoblja reakcije tržišta statistički značajne. Stoga se zaključuje da se makroekonomska politika (monetarna ili fiskalna) odražava na stope prinosa hrvatskih dioničkih indeksa. Navedeno potvrđuje hipotezu učinkovitog tržišta i u skladu su sa zaključcima sličnih studija razvijenih gospodarstava. ; The purpose of this study is to analyse Zagreb Stock Exchange CROBEX Index reactions to selected macroeconomic announcements within ultra-short time intervals. We utilize 5-minute rates of returns from September 2017 to March 2018 and 25 macroeconomic announcements. After carefully arranging the data, we ran the regression with dummy variables capturing the exact announcement times. We used heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) estimations in order to account for specific characteristics of intraday data and to retain the robustness of the results. Our results indicate that, for short intraday periods, some reactions are statistically significant, but the majority stays insignificant. These conclusions support the semi-strong form of the efficient-market hypothesis and are in line with inferences of similar studies of advanced economies.
Procesi financijske intermedijacije imali su važnu ulogu u transformaciji zemalja CEE-a u tržišne ekonomije. Intervencije države u mobiliziranju i alociranju financijskih resursa prepoznate su kao efikasan i brz put k razvijanju financijskih sustava. Stoga su nositelji ekonomske politike usmjerili svoje napore k osiguranju bazičnih zakonodavnih okvira i potrebne infrastrukture, kao i dizajniranju i implementiranju primjerenih strukturnih reformi. Uz navedeno, razvoj sustava potaknut je i adekvatnim institucijskim okvirom. Institucijskom promjenom može se smatrati proces koji dovodi do rasta institucija i njihovog kvalitativnog razvoja. U početku tranzicijskog procesa, gospodarstva CEE-a i institucije bili su značajno određeni tradicijom i nasljeđem bankocentričnog sustava, kao i izostankom ostalih financijskih institucija i tržišta, a ujedno je razvoj institucija dosegnuo različite razine napretka. Razvoj financijskih tržišta i institucijskih investitora kao alternative klasičnom i dominirajućem bankovnom financiranju, u zemljama CEE-a u velikoj mjeri bio je potaknut strukturnim reformama od kojih se posebno ističu privatizacija i uvođenje mirovinskog sustava kapitalizirane štednje, jačanje supervizorskih struktura i različitih modaliteta fiskalne konsolidacije. Cilj rada je ukazati na važnost odabira i implementiranja strukturnih reformi koje pridonose razvoju financijskog sustava i napretku ekonomija CEE-a. ; The processes of financial intermediation had an important role in the transformation of CEE countries into a market economy. Government interventions in mobilizing and allocating financial resources are recognized as an efficient and fast way for developing financial systems. Policy makers have the highest responsibility since they need to ensure not only basic legislative and institutional frameworks, but also need to design and implement adequate structural reforms. All this should be accompanied by an incentive institutional framework. Institutional changes can be regarded as a process that leads to the growth of institutions and their qualitative development. In the beginning of the transition process, economies and institutions were largely determined by the tradition and heritage with the development of institutions reaching different levels of progress. The development of financial markets and institutional investors, as alternatives of classical and prevailing bank financing in CEE countries, have largely been driven by structural reforms, of which the most important are:privatization and pension reform and the introduction of the pension system funded savings, a government bond issue in the domestic market, strengthening supervisory structures and tax reform. The aim of this paper is to point out to the importance of planning and implementing structural reforms which contribute to the development of the financial sector and the progress of the CEE countries.
Procesi financijske intermedijacije imali su važnu ulogu u transformaciji zemalja CEE-a u tržišne ekonomije. Intervencije države u mobiliziranju i alociranju financijskih resursa prepoznate su kao efikasan i brz put k razvijanju financijskih sustava. Stoga su nositelji ekonomske politike usmjerili svoje napore k osiguranju bazičnih zakonodavnih okvira i potrebne infrastrukture, kao i dizajniranju i implementiranju primjerenih strukturnih reformi. Uz navedeno, razvoj sustava potaknut je i adekvatnim institucijskim okvirom. Institucijskom promjenom može se smatrati proces koji dovodi do rasta institucija i njihovog kvalitativnog razvoja. U početku tranzicijskog procesa, gospodarstva CEE-a i institucije bili su značajno određeni tradicijom i nasljeđem bankocentričnog sustava, kao i izostankom ostalih financijskih institucija i tržišta, a ujedno je razvoj institucija dosegnuo različite razine napretka. Razvoj financijskih tržišta i institucijskih investitora kao alternative klasičnom i dominirajućem bankovnom financiranju, u zemljama CEE-a u velikoj mjeri bio je potaknut strukturnim reformama od kojih se posebno ističu privatizacija i uvođenje mirovinskog sustava kapitalizirane štednje, jačanje supervizorskih struktura i različitih modaliteta fiskalne konsolidacije. Cilj rada je ukazati na važnost odabira i implementiranja strukturnih reformi koje pridonose razvoju financijskog sustava i napretku ekonomija CEE-a. ; The processes of financial intermediation had an important role in the transformation of CEE countries into a market economy. Government interventions in mobilizing and allocating financial resources are recognized as an efficient and fast way for developing financial systems. Policy makers have the highest responsibility since they need to ensure not only basic legislative and institutional frameworks, but also need to design and implement adequate structural reforms. All this should be accompanied by an incentive institutional framework. Institutional changes can be regarded as a process that leads to ...
Chapter 1. From Pandemics to the Unconventional Monetary Policy in EMs: The Case of Croatia -- Chapter 2. Financial Cycle Convergence: Evidence on Financial Cycles Synchronisation in the European Union and the European Economic and Monetary Union -- Chapter 3. Fiscal Response to the COVID-19 Shock in Croatia -- Chapter 4. The Impact of Financial Integration on Sectoral Polarization Between Croatia and Eurozone Countries -- Chapter 5. Foreign-Owned Banks and Real Estate Markets in Croatia: A Panel Data Analysis -- Chapter 6. Financial Cooperatives Development in Croatia: Social Capital Perspective -- Chapter 7. EU Tax and Agricultural Policy in the Wine Sector -- Chapter 8. Integration as an Indicator of (Under) Development of the Croatian Capital Market -- Chapter 9. Perspectives and Challenges in the Development of the Croatian Digital Startup Sector -- Chapter 10. Pension Funds Regulation in the Context of Investment Climate Development -- Chapter 11. Challenges of Energy Policy Within Decarbonization – Evidence of the European Union.
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The deposit insurance system is a form of banking regulation that protects depositors and provides stability in the banking system. It is an important part of the financial safety net, especially in times of economic turmoil, as it provides explicit depositor protection and prevents a 'bank run'. However, there are some negative effects on banking stability associated with the increase in bank risk, i.e., moral hazard, adverse selection and the principal-agent problem. The functioning of the deposit insurance system depends on its determinants, but also on the characteristics of the national banking system, supervision, legal and cultural framework and the general development of the country. Considering that the banking systems in EU and especially in comparison to Southeast European countries are very different, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of the deposit insurance system on bank stability depending on the characteristics of banks. Bank stability is analysed using bank risk variables: z-score and ratio of non-performing loans to total loans. By applying a dynamic panel analysis using the GMM Arellano–Bond (AB) estimator to a sample of EU countries and selected Southeast European countries, we provide further evidence on the deposit insurance system over the period from 2005 to 2014. The results provide evidence that large and systemically important banks behave in a riskier way, distorting the purpose of the deposit insurance scheme and jeopardising the safety of banking systems.