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Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Rechtspositivismus vollzog sich in Deutschland seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg vornehmlich im Blick auf den hier dominierenden analytischen Gesetzespositivismus und die Reine Rechtslehre Hans Kelsens, denen die "Radbruch´sche Formel" zu begegnen versuchte. Das Spektrum der rechtspositivistischen Theorien umfasst aber mit analytischen, psychologischen und soziologischen Elementen in den Werken Theodor Geigers, H. L. A. Harts, J. Raz´ und anderer Autoren weitere Ansätze, Recht allein empirisch, nicht inhaltlich zu verstehen. Daraus ergeben sich durchaus unterschiedliche Konsequenzen, die auch ein differenzierteres Licht auf das Verhältnis von Recht und Moral werfen.Der Autor Walter Ott, schweizerischer Jurist und Rechtsphilosoph, charakterisiert als ein seit langem ausgewiesener Kenner der modernen Diskussion über den Rechtspositivismus die unterschiedlichen Positionen auf knappem Raum und demonstriert ihre Ergebnisse an einfachen Beispielen.

Abstract:John Locke's claims about relations (such as cause and effect) and mixed modes (such as beauty and murder) have been controversial since the publication of the Essay. His earliest critics read him as a thoroughgoing anti-realist who denies that such things exist. More charitable readers have sought to read Locke's claims away. Against both, I argue that Locke is making ontological claims, but that his views do not have the absurd consequences his defenders fear. By examining Locke's texts, as well as the intellectual context in which they were written, I show that Locke's position is at once radical and thoroughly traditional.

«Active Interfaces» (AI) explores holistic operational strategies overcoming obstacles for large-scale advanced PV integration into urban renewal and building renovation processes. «Active Interfaces» aims to foster widespread deployment of building integrated PV solu-tions (BIPV). To this end, AI investigates the potential for deploying BIPV-solutions as well as the significance and relevance of existing and of future expected framework conditions, of possible drivers and obstacles regarding BIPV deployment as well as the possibilities to overcome existing BIPV barriers and to foster BIPV deployment. Within «Active Interfaces», BIPV-solutions will be developed and optimized for archetypal buildings and case studies. Resulting impacts of BIPV-solutions on energy generation and consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, costs and economic viability will be as-sessed and compared with renewal and renovation solutions not applying BIPV solutions. In Switzerland as well as in the international context there is a lack of common calculation, assessment and evaluation methods applicable in the planning, calculation design and evaluation of BIPV solutions although methodological basics and approaches have been worked out for numerous research projects as well as for the development of PV-related standards and labels. It is suspected that this situation hampers widespread deployment of PV/BIPV. On that basis, barriers as well as effects of regulations, standards and labels fostering BIPV-deployment are subsequently identified and qualitatively assessed with re-spect to their relevance regarding BIPV deployment. The chapters comprise the Swiss sit-uation, which is assessed in detail. Additionally the corresponding regulations and pro-grams on the level of the European Union, in Germany and in Austria are briefly investi-gated and summarized. The present Report 3 completes the contributions of econcept in Project 04 of Active Inter-faces. Existing reports of econcept for Active Interfaces: Report 1: «Common ...