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In post-totalitarian Russia, the ideological climate has been gravitating more and moretowards right-wing conservative values coloured by Russian nationalism. Taken as awhole, the more or less rightist attitudes in society include both moderate and pragmaticviews as well as ideas of extreme nationalism. The latter include fascism and nationalsocialism. In late 1996, Grigorii Yavlinsky1 concluded that 'a major opportunity wasemerging for the spread of national socialism in Russia' (Parland 1997, 12).

The author describes major ultra-nationalist movements (fascism & national socialism) in contemporary Russia. These movements have arisen largely in response to the perceived failure of neoliberalist reforms since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russia is a "torn country" that is undergoing political & economic Westernization -- an irreversible process that has brought severe economic problems & a declining standard of living for the majority. The new regime is described as a mixture of liberal democracy, authoritarianism, & capitalism. The author concludes that the shift from Russian communism to national patriotism is a key feature of modernization in post-Soviet Russia, & that the nation's current problems are similar to those caused by globalization & Westernization elsewhere. 1 Table, 34 References. J. R. Callahan