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1. Introduction -- 2. Skateboarding, religion, and lifestyle sports -- Part I. Observation : 3. Origin myth -- 4. Skate Gods -- 5. Iconography -- Part II. Performance : 6. Video journeys -- 7. Pilgrimage sports -- 8. Ritualised play -- Part III. Organisation : 9. A vehicle for faith -- 10. DIY religion -- 11. Self-help -- 12. Conclusion -- Index.

This book takes a fresh look at the external relations of the European Union (EU) and in particular the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Rather than focusing exclusively on the competence aspects of the institutions and actors, the book makes the case that the CFSP can be understood as a system of governance, which produces effects beyond the traditional tools associated with foreign policy. The theoretical approach draws on insights from new institutionalism, constructivism and the institutional theory of law and emphasises how the institutionalised forms of cooperation in the ex

This is a collection of works which considers the many different facets of the EU's increasingly important engagement with the world beyond its borders. The Treaty of Lisbon marked a change in the powers and competences endowed on the EU - the contributions to this collection consider both the direct and indirect impact of the Treaty on the contemporary state of EU external relations. The authors are drawn from legal, political science and international relations disciplines and consider innovations or changes brought about by the Treaty itself: the European External Action Service, the roles

AbstractThis research explores the theoretical underpinnings of the expressed hero narrative utilized by groups and individuals to justify their opposition and use of violence against their own government and citizens. By using narrative analysis, this research deconstructs the language used by the groups and individuals involved in the 6 January 2021, attack on the United States Capitol. What emerges is a theory of self‐radicalization and rationalization where one believes their actions are justified because they perceive themselves to be the hero. Their belief and ideology are built on a foundation of cognitive dissonance, in which they construct a paradoxical hero identity, all while engaged in destructive political violence.

AbstractThe EU's legal system has been built on the principle of a single legal order. Undeniably, however, differentiation has crept in. The UK has been at the forefront of seeking opt‐outs and exceptions to the euro, the Schengen area and so on. After Brexit, will requests by member states for special treatment continue, or will the Brexit experience strengthen the legal order? Is the EU's legal system capable of absorbing differentiation in its fabric? This article argues that differentiation can be accommodated only so far in the Treaty arrangements without a wholescale re‐evaluation of the purpose of EU law. The UK's departure removes the member state most ready to challenge some of the fundamentals of the legal order, but the article urges caution against a full re‐characterization of the nature of EU law post‐Brexit. Instead, the article foresees a continuation of the status quo, in which differentiation exists in various forms but as exceptions to the rule, rather than the rule itself.

AbstractIt has become commonplace to regard the contemporary state of migration to Europe as a 'crisis'. The European Union has been under pressure to respond effectively to this 'crisis', which has gone to the very top of its policy making agenda. However, despite the legal powers the EU has to regulate migration, legislative measures appear to have declined as an appropriate response. Rather, a constant stream of policy documents has referred to 'tools' and 'instruments' which appear to fall outside the scope of legislative processes, and the democratic scrutiny which goes hand‐in‐hand with them. This article argues that the practices which are emerging from the institutions can be regarded as instances of 'new governance', which are found in other areas of EU activity. To do so highlights the risks associated with using non‐legal tools to deal with an area where there are extremely important consequences for individuals. The policy recommendations highlight the need for vigilance to ensure that the EU's stated values are not undermined in the quest for dealing with the migration 'crisis'.