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Extra-Territorial Ethnic Politics, Discourses and Identities in Hungary -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Charts -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction: Extraterritorial Citizenship and Nation-Building in Postcommunist Hungary -- 2 Citizenship and Nation-Building in Postcommunist Central and Eastern Europe -- The Demography of Citizenship in Central and Eastern Europe -- From External Minority Protection to Kin-Citizenship -- Implications of Kin-Citizenship on Central and Eastern European Politics -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Kin-Citizenship in the Contemporary European Context -- The Prohibition of Ethnic Discrimination in European Citizenship Law -- De Jure and De Facto "Ethnic" Citizenship Acquisition Rules in Europe -- Prospects for Misuse of Preferential Citizenship Policies: "Ethnic" Ties as Genuine Links? -- Dilemmas of Citizenship Sovereignty in the European Union -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 National Reunification Beyond Borders: Diaspora Politics in Hungary Since 2010 -- Diaspora and Transnationalism: Why States Engage with External Populations? -- Transnational Agency -- Rationale of Engagement -- Institutional Variations -- Further Systemic Variables -- Hungarian Diaspora Politics Until 2010 -- Extraterritorial Citizenship for Non-resident Ethnic Hungarians -- The Constitutional Inclusion of the Diaspora -- From Symbolic Inclusion to Enfranchisement -- Diaspora Engagement Beyond Non-resident Citizenship -- The 2014 Parliamentary Elections -- Transnational Nationalism: Inter- and Intra-Ethnic Implications -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Transborder Nation-Building and Diaspora Identities -- Introduction: Citizenship Studies From Below -- Citizenship as Instrumental Asset and Marker of Identity -- Citizenship in the Transnational Context -- Non-Resident Voting and National Belonging -- Methodological Remarks: Limitations

This report explores challenges to political participation of mobile EU citizens in Hungary. It discusses electoral rights of non-resident citizens and non-citizen residents from the EU in European Parliament and local elections. The report also offers recommendations on how to increase political participation of mobile EU citizens in this country. ; This report was funded by the European Union's Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme (2014-2020). The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.

This report explores challenges to political participation of mobile EU citizens in Hungary. It discusses electoral rights of non-resident citizens and non-citizen residents from the EU in European Parliament and local elections. The report also offers recommendations on how to increase political participation of mobile EU citizens in this country. ; This report was funded by the European Union's Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme (2014-2020). The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.

Although the number of external voters has increased significantly in the past decades, the normative and political dilemmas of absentee voting still receive little scholarly attention. The few theoretical attempts that try to analyze systematically non-resident political rights from a normative perspective focus exclusively on dilemmas presented by expatriate citizens. The aim of this article is to contextualize the normative dilemmas and practical problems related to non-resident voting, with a special emphasis on the dilemmas related to the enfranchisement of ethnic kin populations created by shifting borders. The article identifies four patterns of external enfranchisement and offers an analysis of the reasons behind the political inclusion of the different types of external population. The main argument of the article is to highlight the different reasons behind the enfranchisement of temporary absentees (including refugees), economic migrants, exiles of past undemocratic regimes and kin-minorities. While in the case of expatriates, the existence of effective ties between migrants and homelands is used as the normative basis for the maintenance of extraterritorial political rights, ethnic kin-minorities are enfranchised as part of ethnic engineering projects. Adapted from the source document.

Multiple and dual citizenship in the past decades have become widely accepted worldwide. Leading scholars in citizenship studies claim that the growing tolerance of dual citizenship signals the weakening of state sovereignty and the emergence of transnational, post-national or cosmopolitan norms. This paper argues that multiple citizenship standards are neither universally accepted, nor normatively compelling. The cases referred to are intended to demonstrate that contrary to the above assessments, dual citizenship is also used by states to increase their sovereignty, for example promoting national interest abroad through expatriates and trans-border minorities. It is also argued that, in addition to the classical territorial sovereignty- and security-related dilemmas, dual-citizenship policies may violate the norms of democratic equality and popular sovereignty. The paper concludes that the inevitably growing toleration of non-monogamous state-citizen relationships should not be interpreted as a normative justification of promiscuous citizenship policies.