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'The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America' by Jeffery Klaiber is reviewed.

The end of the Cold War has transformed the United States foreign policy, challenging traditional national values and interests and causing global changes in various areas and political institutions. In a context where it is no longer possible to distinguish between foreign and domestic policy, underlying values are essential for the formulation and implementation of all public policies. From a nationalist and globalist perspective, this article examines three areas of this country's foreign policy in which values are important: War and conflict resolution, which includes the values of personal security and human rights; the United Nations and international organizations, which embody the values of the global community and solidarity; and foreign aid and sustainable development, with the values of human development, generosity and compassion. ; El fin de la Guerra Fría ha transformado la política exterior de Estados Unidos, desafiando los valores e intereses nacionales tradicionales y causando cambios globales en diversas áreas e instituciones políticas. En un contexto en el que ya no es posible distinguir entre política externa e interna, los valores subyacentes son esenciales para la formulación y aplicación de todas las políticas públicas. A partir de una perspectiva nacionalista y globalista, en este artículo se examinan tres áreas de la política exterior de este país, en las cuales los valores son importantes: Guerra y solución de conflictos, que incluye los valores de la seguridad personal y derechos humanos; las Naciones Unidas y las organizaciones internacionales, que incorporan los valores de la comunidad global y la solidaridad; y ayuda externa y desarrollo sustentable, con los valores del desarrollo humano, la generosidad y la conmiseración.

Church-State relations and the political activity of the Catholic Church have increasingly become the subject of public discussion and controversy in Mexico. The resumption of the Church-State debate after forty years of relative tranquility and unshakable stability suggests that the foundations of this seemingly calm consensus may be shaking, or at least weakening. There are many political disagreements among Mexicans about the future of the Church. The problem is intensified by a crisis of authority within the Church, a crisis that has forced the Vatican to intervene. This paper examines the framework in which the various religious controversies and their causes took place. ; Las relaciones Iglesia-Estado y la actividad política de la Iglesia Católica se han convertido cada vez más en tema de discusión y polémica pública en México. La reanudación del debate Iglesia-Estado luego de cuarenta años de relativa-tranquilidad y de una estabilidad, inquebrantable, sugiere que los cimientos de este consenso, aparentemente tranquilo, puede estar trisándose o, al menos debilitándose. Existen muchos desacuerdos políticos entre los mexicanos acerca del futuro de la Iglesia. El problema se intensifica por una crisis de autoridad dentro de la Iglesia, una crisis que ha obligado a intervenir al Vaticano. En el presente trabajo se examina el marco en que se desarrollaron las diversas controversias religiosas y sus causas.

Since the nineteenth century, Mexican history has encompassed many social conflicts that range from local rebellions to full-scale revolutions. Church-state relations have been closely related to, and affected by, these conflicts. The struggle between church and state led to the War of the Reform (1858) and to the Cristero Rebellion (1926). Both of these armed conflicts were resolved through an improvised and cumulative process that eventually did as much to obscure the causes of conflict as to remedy them. After independence, the liberals initiated the first phase of conflict, a conflict eventually extended into the twentieth century by various advocates of a strong, secular state. The conflict began as a resistance to the efforts to reform the church and to give the state a neutral orientation and subsequently escalated into a divisive cultural war. Conservative politicians and religious leaders took up the liberal challenge with a doctrine justifying a specific political order at almost any price, thereby involving the church and the state in a mutually destructive and increasingly bitter struggle.