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Der Beitrag untersucht Bedingungen für das Gelingen von Homeoffice unter den Gegebenheiten der COVID-19-Pandemie. Dazu wurden in einer nicht repräsentativen Stichprobe von über 2800 Beschäftigten in 19 kleinen, mittleren und großen Betrieben verschiedener Branchen sowohl betriebliche Arbeitsbedingungen als auch Bedingungen des Arbeitens zu Hause in den Blick genommen. Als Kriterien des Gelingens aus Arbeitnehmersicht wurden sechs Wahrnehmungen untersucht: die Zufriedenheit mit der Vereinbarkeit ; Konflikte, die von der Arbeit auf die Familie ausstrahlen sowie umgekehrt von der Familie auf die Arbeit ; die wahrgenommene Fairness des Beschäftigungsverhältnisses ; gesundheitliches Wohlbefinden sowie der gewünschte Umfang von Homeoffice nach der Pandemie. Bemerkenswert war, dass die pandemiebedingte plötzliche und erzwungene Implementierung von Homeoffice nur wenige Unterschiede in dessen formaler Gestaltung hervorgebracht hat. Stattdessen erweisen sich mit eindringlicher und für alle Gelingens-Kriterien gültiger Deutlichkeit qualitativ gute Beziehungen zwischen Kolleg*innen untereinander und zu Vorgesetzten als entscheidender Faktor. Um diese zu stärken, können sowohl betriebliche Strategien als auch gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen förderlich sein.

Objective: To examine how the perception of work-family conflict relates to the share of parents in women's and men's direct coworking environments. Background: The idea of relational demography posits that individuals' relative positions within their coworking environments have an impact on their wellbeing. Depending on women's and men's parenthood status and the corresponding (dis-)similarity compared to their colleagues, this idea was applied to the perception of work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. Method: Time-based and strain-based work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts were analyzed by gender and parenthood with random effects panel regression models using longitudinal data from the LEEP-B3-survey, a large-scale linked employer-employee survey from Germany (2012/2013 and 2014/2015; 2,228 women and 2,656 men). The composition of the respondents' working groups was included as a moderating variable. Results: Mothers and fathers of children aged 0-11 years reported higher work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts than parents of older children and childless women and men. For mothers of children aged 0-11 years, a higher share of parents in their working groups was associated with less time-based family-to-work conflict. For fathers of children aged 0-11 years, the same associations were found for overall work-to-family conflict, strain-based work-to-family conflict as well as for all dimensions of family-to-work conflict. Conclusion: Similarity between the team members regarding parenthood seemed to reduce mothers' and fathers' perceptions of work-family conflict beyond several other characteristics of the individuals and the workplaces.

Objective: This article investigates whether within-domain and cross-domain buffering by family and work resources can help mitigate the negative mental health effects of work-to-family conflicts (WFC) and family-to-work conflicts (FWC). Background: Most literature on the work–life interface stresses the need to maintain employees' health and well-being by preventing the emergence of work–family conflicts. Since such conflicts tend to be an unavoidable concomitant of role expansion, we aim to put forward the debate on the conditions that might prevent their negative health consequences instead. Method: Fixed-effects linear regression analyses were applied to a sample of 4,920 employees in a three-wave employer–employee panel study in Germany. Using interaction analyses, we tested within-domain and cross-domain buffering of family (social support and relative bargaining power within partnerships) and work (job resources, support from direct supervisors or co-workers, formal and informal organizational support) resources in the relationship between strain-based and time-based WFC and FWC and mental health (SF-12). Results: Family resources and work resources somewhat mitigated the health risks of WFC and FWC. Overall, within-domain resources were more effective than cross-domain ones. Conclusion: It is important to consider resources in both the family and the work domains to determine the most effective ways of preventing the negative mental health consequences of work–family conflicts.

Objective: To introduce the readers to the Journal of Family Research's Special Issue (4/2022) about "work-family conflict from the perspective of the family". Background: Research on work-family conflict rooted in family research and with an explicit focus on family issues has been comparatively rare compared to a more work-centered view. Method: Except for the review article, all contributions of this Special Issue are quantitative analyses of large-scale data from Germany, i.e., the "pairfam"-study, the "LEEP-B3"-study, and the "Growing up in Germany"-survey. Results: The seven studies are innately heterogeneous and show the range in which family research may contribute to the understanding of work-family conflict, and vice versa. Work-family conflict was studied in the context of the transition to parenthood, parenting practices, the composition of working environments, scaling back, mental health, and fertility preferences. Conclusion: Explicitly discussing family issues and their implications for work-family conflict is necessary to understand the interdependencies between family and work, and to pave the way towards a much broader understanding of the antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict in the context of family living.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how employed single-parents differ from parents in two-parent families in their experience of work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC). Looking at job-related as well as family-related demands and resources, this research investigated to what degree these demands and resources contribute to differences in WFC and FWC, how their relevance in predicting conflicts varies between single parents and other parents and the role of compositional differences in work and family demands and resources.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional linear regression analyses were applied to analyze a random sample of employees in large work organizations in Germany. The sample included 3,581 parents with children up to the age of 25, of whom 346 were single parents.FindingsThe results indicated that single parents face more FWC, but not more WFC, than other parents. For all parents, job demands such as overtime, supervising responsibilities and availability expectations were associated with higher levels of WFC, whereas job resources such as job autonomy, support from supervisors and flexible working hours were associated with lower levels of WFC. In predicting FWC, family demands and resources played only a minor role. However, results provide only scant evidence of differences between single parents and other parents in terms of the effects of job and family demands and resources.Originality/valueThis study offers interesting insights into the diversity of WFC and FWC experiences in Germany. It provides first evidence of the impact of job and family demands and resources on both directions of work–family conflicts among employed single parents as a specific social group.

Objective: To review the empirical literature on family antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict. Background: Over the last decades, family living and working life have changed profoundly, affecting families' needs and expectations towards reconciliation, as well as perceptions of work-family conflict. Previous reviews of the relevant literature in this flourishing field of research have predominantly focused on the work side of sources and consequences of these conflicts. However, a review of the family side of work-family conflict is still missing. Method: The review of the existing literature followed the guidelines of "PRISMA - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses." 100 quantitative empirical studies were identified by relevant keywords, including research between 1988-2021. Results: The review of international and interdisciplinary empirical evidence remarkably shows the heterogeneity in research on family antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict in the directions of family-to-work and work-to-family. In addition, the findings of existing studies are inconsistent, if not ambivalent. However, the review also demonstrates a growing body of literature that considers or even focuses on the family side of work-family conflict. Conclusion: The family plays an essential role in reconciling the private and the working life, as it is a source of conflict and a resource for dealing with conflicts at the same time.

Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages gehen wir der Frage nach, inwiefern Crowdsourcing von Betrieben, bei denen ein Teil der Arbeitstätigkeiten einer Wertschöpfungskette über digitale Plattformen ausgelagert wird, Änderungen im Ungleichheitsgefüge des Beschäftigungssystems mit sich bringt. Bei Crowdsourcing scheint die Vermittlung und Gestaltung durch Plattformen eine betriebliche Strukturierung der Arbeitsbedingungen von Crowdworkern und Crowdworkerinnen zu ersetzen. Dies ist jedoch nur teilweise der Fall. Auf Basis der Theorie relationaler Ungleichheiten in Arbeitsorganisationen hebt dieser Beitrag hervor, dass die Gestaltung von Crowdsourcing und Crowdworking Teil betrieblicher Aushandlungsprozesse ist, welche, in Abhängigkeit von betrieblichen Ungleichheitsregimen, unterschiedliche Konsequenzen für regulär Beschäftigte und Crowdworkende mit sich bringen. Dies betrifft zum einen, inwiefern Beschäftigte innerhalb von Betrieben durch Crowdsourcing substituiert und in ihren Gratifikationschancen bedroht werden oder Crowdwork als Unterstützung bestehender betrieblicher Abläufe erfahren. Zum anderen, inwiefern Crowdworkerinnen und Crowdworker durch Betriebe ausgebeutet werden oder Crowdwork eine weitere Alternative von Beschäftigung darstellt, die zu bestimmten Lebensphasen und -entwürfen passt.