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Descripción detallada de las rentas y gastos públicos. Hace un análisis de los equipos necesarios para que la Casa de Moneda de Bogotá emita los billetes necesarios en el país y los beneficios económicos que esta actividad daría. Presenta la situación de las tierras baldías y el desarrollo de la hacienda pública en Colombia para 1881.

Tengo el honor de presentaros el Informe constitucional acerca de los principales asuntos que han ocupado el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores en el último bienio y acerca de las reformas que probablemente conviene adoptar en este ramo de la Administración. Para dar idea completa de algunos negocios y en obsequio de la unidad de exposición, creo conveniente comprender en este informe la época anterior al 14 de octubre de 1889, fecha en que tomé posesión del cargo que hoy desempeño.

Copyright © 2019 Aguado-Domínguez, Cabrera-Pérez, Suarez-Benjumea, AbadMolina, Núñez-Roldán and Aguilera. ; Currently, the diagnosis of kidney allograft rejection relies on individual histological assessments made by expert pathologists according to the Banff classification. In this study, we applied new Computer-Assisted System Technology (newCAST™) by Visiopharm® with the aim of identifying and quantifying the immune cells in inflammatory infiltrates. We searched for distinctive cellular profiles that could be assigned to each rejection category of the Banff schema: antibody-mediated rejection (active and chronic active), borderline, T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), and mixed rejection. This study was performed with 49 biopsy samples, 42 from patients with rejection and 7 from patients with clinical signs of dysfunction but an absence of histological findings of rejection. Plasma cells, B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages, with a special focus on the M1 and M2 subsets, were studied. A major difference among the Banff rejection groups was in the total amount of cells/mm2 tissue. Principal component analysis identified some distinctive associations. The borderline category grouped with CD4+ lymphocytes and M1 macrophages, and active antibody-mediated rejection (aAMR) clustered with natural killer cells. Despite these findings, the search for characteristic profiles linked to the rejection types proved to be a very difficult task since the cellular composition varied significantly among individuals within the same diagnostic category. The results of this study will be analyzed from the perspective of reconciling the classic way of diagnosing rejection and the immune situation "in situ" at the time of diagnosis. ; This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grants 17/1403 and the Andalusian government, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Proyecto de Excelencia CTS-7846, and was co-funded by FEDER from the Regional Development European Funds (European Union).

This paper proposes the use of the Lego (R) Serious Play (R) (LSP) methodology as a facilitating tool for the introduction of competences for Industrial Risk Prevention by engineering students from the industrial branch (electrical, electronic, mechanical and technological engineering), presenting the results obtained in the Universities of Cadiz and Seville in the academic years 2017-2019. Current Spanish legislation does not reserve any special legal attribution, nor does it require specific competence in occupational risk prevention for the regulated profession of a technical industrial engineer (Order CIN 351:2009), and only does so in a generic way for that of an industrial engineer (Order CIN 311:2009). However, these universities consider the training in occupational health and safety for these future graduates as an essential objective in order to develop them for their careers in the industry. The approach is based on a series of challenges proposed (risk assessments, safety inspections, accident investigations and fire protection measures, among others), thanks to the use of "gamification" dynamics with Lego (R) Serious Play (R). In order to carry the training out, a set of specific variables (industrial sector, legal and regulatory framework, business organization and production system), and transversal ones (leadership, teamwork, critical thinking and communication), are incorporated. Through group models, it is possible to identify dangerous situations, establish causes, share and discuss alternative proposals and analyze the economic, environmental and organizational impact of the technical solutions studied, as well as take the appropriate decisions, in a creative, stimulating, inclusive and innovative context. In this way, the theoretical knowledge which is acquired is applied to improve safety and health at work and foster the prevention of occupational risks, promoting the commitment, effort, motivation and proactive participation of the student teams.

En este libro digital el Banco de la República pone a disposición de los investigadores y bibliotecas del país la totalidad de las memorias de Hacienda y Tesoro colombianas que se publicaron en el siglo XIX. Es una herramienta bibliográfica que esperamos sea de enorme utilidad para los profesionales, estudiantes y amantes de la historia de Colombia. El célebre economista austriaco Joseph Schumpeter sostenía que las finanzas públicas son uno de los mejores puntos de partida para investigar una sociedad: allí se reflejan la riqueza, su distribución territorial y sectorial, la marcha de la actividad económica, las prioridades en el gasto y sus beneficiarios. Por su relevancia, y por cuanto los ciudadanos quieren saber en qué se gastan los impuestos que han pagado, los gobiernos democráticos han sido cuidadosos en la rendición de informes periódicos sobre los recaudos, los gastos, los excedentes o déficits en las finanzas gubernamentales y las formas de cubrir estos últimos. Para ello, con cierta regularidad se presentan informes a los órganos de control político o administrativo. Por esa razón, en el Banco de la República hemos considerado que un aporte bibliográfico de gran relevancia para el estudio de la historia económica nacional es poner a disposición de los investigadores y bibliotecas del país esta edición digital de las memorias de Hacienda y Tesoro del siglo XIX.