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Votes for Women And you think you can keep women silent politically? It can't be did! ; https://scholarworks.uni.edu/suffrage_images/1290/thumbnail.jpg

Votes for Women And you think you can keep women silent politically? It can't be did! ; https://scholarworks.uni.edu/suffrage_images/1291/thumbnail.jpg

This article compares the effects of tax reform on tax compliance in Argentina and Chile. After constructing three different comparative indexes of tax compliance, it proposes a comprehensive approach, which includes political, economic and sociological explanations to address the different behaviour of taxpayers in each country. It concludes that Chile was able to enhance better tax compliance because it has implemented a permanent, stable and rational policy that allowed for the development of an effective tax administration – a process never fully accomplished in Argentina. Tax reforms may enhance better compliance only after they reverse the entrenched evasion strategies of the taxpayers.

AbstractSimulated soccer offers a standard real‐time environment for testing decision‐making methods for multi‐agent systems. One critical task is determining to which team‐mate the ball should be passed and the optimal point where this ball should be sent. Early methods based on enforced learning or heuristics tried to aggregate anticipated risks and pay‐offs instead of flexibly balancing them. That was because scholars were not treating ball passing as a multi‐criteria optimization problem in its classic sense. We propose a set of three criteria, tactical gain and two time balances, which should be balanced while selecting an optimal point on the field for passing the ball to. One of the advantages of this set of criteria is that they are treating direct and leading passes in the same way, thus offering a unified method for ball passing.In order to make this problem tractable, the continuous decision parameter space is replaced by a finite set of N points on the XY‐plane, which are carefully selected using some heuristics. This set is searched for non‐dominated alternatives, of which one alternative is further selected. The selection is based on the relative importance of the criteria supplied by the developer of the soccer agent. The selection method is original and uses sequential elimination of poor alternatives with respect to one criterion. Criteria are applied randomly, with the probabilities proportional to their relative importance.Experiments have shown that the multi‐criteria decision‐making algorithm is superior to its heuristic‐based counterpart. Furthermore, we suggest that it might be implemented in the RoboCup leagues dealing with physical robots. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had pronounced effects on individuals' psychological well-being around the world. Concerns regarding the consequences of infection, as well as the general uncertainty and governmental regulations have resulted in increased psychological distress among many populations and cultures. In this regard, research has shown that the manner by which individuals perceive such large-scale threats and appraise them significantly contributes to the psychological consequences of such events. According to the Hostile-World Scenario (HWS) model, negative engagement (NE) with such threats weakens one's competence and coping abilities, whereas positive engagement (PE) facilitates resilience and enhances psychological adjustment. Accordingly, the current study examines the moderating role of both NE and PE in the connections of two main features of the current pandemic, COVID-19-related worries and loneliness, with anxiety. Data were collected between March 16 and April 14, 2020, from 1,112 Israelis (age range 17–92, M = 46.90, SD = 16.46), who provided information regarding COVID-19 health worries, loneliness, and anxiety. A special measure assembled items pertinent to the HWS-NE and HWS-PE throughout the survey. Results demonstrated that both HWS-NE and HWS-PE were significant moderators. COVID-19-related health worries/loneliness were linked with anxiety only among individuals with high HWS-NE, and were non-significant among those with low HWS-NE. Moreover, the positive association between loneliness and anxiety was significantly mitigated by high HWS-PE. The discussion highlights the importance of the HWS for understanding the psychological consequences of COVID-19 and offers practical suggestions, which may aid mental health practitioners in providing assistance and support to the general population.