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"Racism and racial discrimination emerged as themes in public international law at the end of the First World War. This was a consequence of the participation of countries from the Global South who had hitherto been excluded from international law making. A Japanese proposal to recognise racial equality in the Covenant of the League of Nations was vetoed by President Wilson. The battle against racial discrimination at the international level really began with the United Nations, in 1946. The Global South pushed for action to deal with racism in South Africa, for example, among several other initiatives directed at racial discrimination. In the first decades of the United Nations, campaigns against racial discrimination were the beating heart of the human rights activities of the organisation. Major landmarks include the adoption of the 1965 Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and the 1973 Convention Against Apartheid. Important mechanisms in human rights were often instigated in measures directed at racial discrimination. These were invariable pushed by States of the Global South and obstructed by governments of Europe and North America. When the apartheid regime finally fell, in 1990, international activities were recalibrated with a focus on xenophobia. But the issue of racism and racial discrimination, directed principally at people of colour, returned with the 2001 Durban Conference. Tensions have continued about a range of issues, including reparations for slavery and the slave trade. In 2020, the murder of George Floyd prompted renewed activity. This book narrates the history of racism and racial discrimination in international law, challenging the narrative that human rights are a creation of the Global North while demonstrating the decisive contribution of the Global South"--

This course investigates the relationships between international criminal law and other branches of international law. It begins by examining four issues of general international law: the principal sources of international law, jurisdiction and immunities, State responsibility, and use of force. It then explores internationalhumanitarian law, focusing on definitions of war crimes and difficulties in linking IHL and ICL. Next, it examines refugee law, paying particular attention to the exclusion of war criminals from refugee protection and to international crimes that may be related to the rights and treatment of refugees. The final chapter explores the relationship between ICL and human rights law, examining the position of human rights within the Rome Statute of the ICC, as well as the human rights aspects of genocide, crimes against humanity, various procedural rights relating to fair international trials and the contribution of human rights fact-finding mechanisms

This is the authoritative introduction to the International Criminal Court, fully updated in this sixth edition. The book covers the legal framework of the Court, the cases that it has heard and that are still to come, and the political debates surrounding its operation. It is written by one of the major authorities on the subject, in language accessible to non-specialists. The sixth edition brings legal references fully up to date in light of the Court's case law. Several trials have now been completed, with four convictions and a number of controversial acquittals. The book also discusses the situations that the Court is currently investigating, including Palestine, Georgia, Ukraine, Venezuela and the UK in Iraq, as well as the decision by a Pre-Trial Chamber not to authorise an investigation into Afghanistan. It also looks into the crisis with African states and the hostility of the United States to the institution.

In the immediate aftermath of the armistice that ended the First World War, the Allied nations of Britain, France, and Italy agreed to put the fallen German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II on trial, in what would be the first ever international criminal tribunal. In Britain, Lloyd George campaigned for re-election on the slogan 'hang the Kaiser', but the Italians had only lukewarm support for a trial, and there was outright resistance from the United States.During the Peace Conference, international lawyers gathered for the first time to debate international criminal justice. They recommended trial of the Kaiser by an international tribunal for war crimes, and the Americans relented, agreeing to a trial for a 'supreme offence against international morality'. However, the Kaiser had fled to the Netherlands where he obtained asylum, and though the Allies threatened a range of measures if the former Emperor was not surrendered, the Dutch refused andthe demands were dropped in March 1920.This book, from renowned legal scholar William A. Schabas, sheds light on perhaps the most important international trial that never was. Schabas draws on numerous primary sources hitherto unexamined in published work, including transcripts which vividly illuminate this period of international law making. As such, he has written a book which constitutes a history of the very beginnings of international criminal justice, a history which has never before been fully told.

Recommended readings (Machine generated): Åke Hammarskjöld (1935), 'The Permanent Court of International Justice and the Development of International Law', International Affairs, 14 (6), November-December, 797-817 -- Georg Schwarzenberger (1947), 'The Judgment of Nuremberg', Tulane Law Review, XXI (3), March, 329-61 -- Manfred Lachs (1983), 'Some Reflections on the Contribution of the International Court of Justice to the Development of International Law', Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 10, 239-78 -- Tjaco T. Van Den Hout (2008), 'Resolution of International Disputes: The Role of the Permanent Court of Arbitration - Reflections on the Centenary of the 1907 Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes', Leiden Journal of International Law, 21 (3), September, 643-61 -- Laurence R. Helfer and Anne-Marie Slaughter (2005), 'Why States Create International Tribunals: A Response to Professors Posner and Yoo', California Law Review, 93 (3), May, 899-956 -- Gilbert Guillaume (1995), 'The Future of International Judicial Institutions', International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 44 (4), October, 848-62 -- Yuval Shany (2009), 'No Longer a Weak Department of Power? Reflections on the Emergence of a New International Judiciary', European Journal of International Law, 20 (1), February, 73-91 -- Cesare P.R. Romano (2007), 'The Shift from the Consensual to the Compulsory Paradigm in International Adjudication: Elements for a Theory of Consent', New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 39, 791-872 -- Gerhard Hafner (2004), 'Pros and Cons Ensuing from Fragmentation of International Law', Michigan Journal of International Law, 25, Summer, 849-63 -- Pierre-Marie Dupuy (1999), 'The Danger of Fragmentation or Unification of the International Legal System and the International Court of Justice', New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 31, 791-807 -- Ruti Teitel and Robert Howse (2009), 'Cross-Judging: Tribunalization in a Fragmented but Interconnected Global Order', New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 41, 959-90 -- Emmanuel Decaux (2011), 'The Place of Human Rights Courts and International Criminal Courts in the International System', Journal of International Criminal Justice, 9 (3), July, 597-608 -- Chester Brown (2002), 'The Proliferation of International Courts and Tribunals: Finding Your Way through the Maze' [review essay], Melbourne Journal of International Law, 3 (2), October, 453-75 -- Sonia Morano-Foadi and Stelios Andreadakis (2011), 'The Convergence of the European Legal System in the Treatment of Third Country Nationals in Europe: The ECJ and ECtHR Jurisprudence', European Journal of International Law, 22 (4), November, 1071-88 -- Dinah Shelton (2009), 'Form, Function, and the Powers of International Courts', Chicago Journal of International Law, 9 (2), Winter, 537-71 -- Antonio Cassese (2007), 'The Nicaragua and Tadić Tests Revisited in Light of the ICJ Judgment on Genocide in Bosnia', European Journal of International Law, 18 (4), September, 649-68 -- J.G. Merrills (2007), 'The Mosaic of International Dispute Settlement Procedures: Complementary or Contradictory?', Netherlands International Law Review, LIV (2), August, 361-93 -- Rosalyn Higgins (2003), 'The ICJ, the ECJ, and the Integrity of International Law', International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 52 (1), January, 1-20 -- David D. Caron (1990), 'The Nature of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and the Evolving Structure of International Dispute Resolution', American Journal of International Law, 84 (1), January, 104-56