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"Die diesem Artikel zugrunde liegende Studie untersuchte, inwieweit verschiedene Texte der Konfliktberichterstattung Leser in ihrer Akzeptanz militärischer Maßnahmen beeinflussen, und wie diese Texte bewertet werden. Dazu wurden mehrere Texte entworfen, welche internationale Konflikte zum Thema hatten. Drei internationale Konflikte wurden gewählt, zu denen je zwei Texte entwickelt wurden; je einer favorisierte ein konfrontatives Vorgehen (Eskalationsorientierung) während der jeweils andere vor einer Eskalation der Gewalt warnte (Deeskalationsorientierung). Diese Texte wurden den Versuchsteilnehmern präsentiert, welche daraufhin gebeten waren, die Texte zu bewerten, sowie die Angemessenheit verschiedener militärischer Maßnahmen zu beurteilen. Durch die Präsentation unterschiedlicher internationaler Konflikte wurde versucht, auf Seiten der Teilnehmer Gefühle der Verbundenheit und Parteilichkeit variierenden Ausmaßes hervorzurufen. Jedoch zeigte sich, dass die verschiedenen Konflikte geringen Einfluss auf die Bewertungen der Texte und der militärischen Maßnahmen hatten. Im Gegensatz dazu zeitigten die Texte einen klaren Effekt: Deeskalations-orientierte Texte wurden signifikant besser bewertet als eskalations-orientierte Texte. Darüber hinaus riefen eskalations-orientierte Texte im Vergleich zu deeskalations-orientierten Texten eine signifikant höhere Akzeptanz militärischer Maßnahmen hervor. Dieses Ergebnis illustriert die besondere Verantwortung, welchen Journalisten bei der Konfliktberichterstattung zukommt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird argumentiert werden, dass Verhaltensnormen stark von situativen Faktoren abhängen. Dies ist möglicherweise die Grundlage für die Tatsache, dass innerhalb weit eskalierter Konflikte Verhaltensweisen gezeigt werden, welche in friedlicheren Zeiten kaum denkbar wären." (Autorenreferat)

This article elucidates how members of the two largest immigration groups living in Germany (i.e., immigrants with a Russian or Turkish background) deal with and integrate values and practices deriving from their ethnocultural minority group and the larger society. A special emphasis of this article is on how context conditions form opportunities for varieties of acculturation and identification. The pattern of results suggests a taxonomy of immigrants' acculturation, consisting of Blended Integration, Alternating Integration, Separation, and Dis‐Integration. This taxonomy is based on immigrants' integration of cultural aspects, while it proved to be analytically useful to conceptualize their national self‐allocation as an additional dimension. Immigrants' development of these different varieties was found to be linked to their perceptions of compatibility and acceptance by the larger society. Relative to immigrants with a Turkish background, immigrants with a Russian background experience less deep incompatibilities between values and practices deriving from the cultural groups, thus having more latitude for acculturation and integration. In contrast, immigrants with a Turkish background experience more challenges to acculturation and integration as a result of being confronted more frequently with incompatibilities and experience less societal acceptance. Further conceptual and societal implications are discussed.

In (post-)modern, plural societies, consisting of numerous subgroups, mutual respect between groups plays a central role for a constructive social and political life. In this article, we examine whether group members' perception of being respected by outgroups fosters respect for these outgroups. In Study 1, we employed a panel sample of supporters of the Tea Party movement in the United States (N = 422). In Study 2, we employed a panel sample of members of the LGBTI community in Germany (N = 262). As disapproved target outgroups, we chose in Study 1 homosexuals in the United States, while in Study 2, we chose supporters of the German populist, right-wing political party "Alternative für Deutschland". Our studies thus constituted a complementary, nearly symmetrical constellation of a liberal group and a conservative political group each. Among Tea Party movement supporters, respect from a disapproved outgroup consistently predicted respect for that outgroup. Among German LGBTI community members, this effect of respect from a disapproved outgroup was found in some of our analyses. For this latter sample, there was furthermore a tendency of societal respect to predict respect for a disapproved outgroup longitudinally. Additionally, we observed for both of our samples that respect from other ingroup members decreased respect for a disapproved outgroup. The dynamics of mutual respect in these two complementary intergroup contexts are discussed as well as the importance of direct intergroup reciprocity and superordinate group membership as routes to mutual respect. ; peerReviewed ; publishedVersion

In (post-)modern, plural societies, consisting of numerous subgroups, mutual respect between groups plays a central role for a constructive social and political life. In this article, we examine whether group members' perception of being respected by outgroups fosters respect for these outgroups. In Study 1, we employed a panel sample of supporters of the Tea Party movement in the United States (N = 422). In Study 2, we employed a panel sample of members of the LGBTI community in Germany (N = 262). As disapproved target outgroups, we chose in Study 1 homosexuals in the United States, while in Study 2, we chose supporters of the German populist, right-wing political party "Alternative für Deutschland". Our studies thus constituted a complementary, nearly symmetrical constellation of a liberal group and a conservative political group each. Among Tea Party movement supporters, respect from a disapproved outgroup consistently predicted respect for that outgroup. Among German LGBTI community members, this effect of respect from a disapproved outgroup was found in some of our analyses. For this latter sample, there was furthermore a tendency of societal respect to predict respect for a disapproved outgroup longitudinally. Additionally, we observed for both of our samples that respect from other ingroup members decreased respect for a disapproved outgroup. The dynamics of mutual respect in these two complementary intergroup contexts are discussed as well as the importance of direct intergroup reciprocity and superordinate group membership as routes to mutual respect.