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How can the potentialities of the Faro Framework Convention be improved if they are put in relation to the paradigm of the 'commons' and to its innovative democratic capacity in terms of social justice and inclusive principles and values? After having underlined the main elements of innovation which characterize the Faro Convention, especially with respect to the intangible cultural heritage, the diverse risks which can affect the patrimonialization of cultural heritage are taken into account, paying particular attention to the processes of identitarian instrumentalization; folklorization and museification; urban and social disaggregation. In order to avoid these risks, the 'commons' approach is proposed as a different way to recognize, implement and transmit cultural heritage through its 'commonification'. This process is already at work in many different contexts, fields and sectors, as it will be illustrated by some concrete examples of commonification of cultural heritage throughout Europe

L'articolo presenta i principali risultati raggiunti dal Progetto «I diritti umani delle persone in condizione di povertà», promosso e portato avanti dalla Divisione Ricerca e Sviluppo della Coesione sociale del Consiglio d'Europa tra il 2010 e il 2013. La necessità di un approccio politico del tutto nuovo alla povertà è stato il primo presupposto da cui ha mosso il progetto che ha potuto contare sulla collaborazione di decine di esperti provenienti da molti dei 47 paesi dell'Europa della Cedu, attivi in ambito accademico-universitario, sindacale, dell'associazionismo, nonché di persone che a vario titolo possono essere considerate testimoni diretti della povertà contemporanea. Gli sforzi congiunti di tutti i partecipanti hanno portato alla pubblicazione della Guida "Vivere in dignità nel XXI secolo. Povertà e diseguaglianze nelle società dei diritti umani: il paradosso delle democrazie", che chi scrive ha avuto l'onore e la responsabilità di comporre e curare armonizzando e integrando i testi dei vari esperti elaborati a partire dalle decine di riunioni che si sono susseguite nell'arco del progetto

The essay take into account the increase in the number of abortion among migrant women in Italy in the wider context of the living conditions of these women which are often subjected to a multiple discrimination related to gender, migrant status, and kind of job. The feminization of migrations towards Italy is put in connection with the feminization of the labour market and with the arrival of specific nationalities of migrants. After having compared the data related to the abortion with respect to Italian and migrant women, this contribution enter into the details of the socio-economic characteristics of these second ones' life, by analyzing the bond existing with the recourse to abortion. Far from any perspective of victimization of these women, the essay aims to question their actual freedom of choice, and concludes with an analysis of a case of extreme violence and exploitation.

A causa della nuova composizione delle migrazioni contemporanee, sempre più legate a situazioni di conflitto e guerra, il diritto d'asilo rappresenta oggi una sfida centrale per la stessa definizione geopolitica dello spazio europeo e mediterraneo. In questa prospettiva, l'articolo analizza l'evoluzione storica di questo diritto, la sua formalizzazione in ambito internazionale ed europeo, e l'impatto che le politiche migratorie messe in atto a partire dal naufragio di Lampedusa del 2013 hanno avuto sulla sua riconfigurazione.

The coherence of the legal system becomes a particularly relevant and complex issue with regard to the conflicts that may arise between constitutional principles. From this perspective, the paper considers some immigration laws - and in particular the Ministerial Decree of 7 April 2020, which states that "for the entire duration of the national health emergency resulting from the spread of the COVID_19 virus, Italian ports do not ensure the necessary requirements for the classification and definition of Place of safety ("safe place") "- enacted by the Italian government in the most acute period of the health emergency connected to the spread of covid-19, by evaluating whether they, by affecting constitutive principles and fundamental rights, meet the criteria of reasonableness and proportionality. After considering the intrinsic problematic nature of the use of the concepts of "safety/security" in the regulatory texts, and specifying the legal notion of place of safety, other controversial legislative initiatives at the regional level and some practices, still in the field of migration management, will be considered. which demonstrate how instrumental recourse to the emergency situation and the need to protect public health and safety can appear, in the face of interventions that appear completely counterproductive and unreasonable precisely if commensurate with this purpose.

This paper analyses the interventions implemented in Italy in the field of immigration during the covid-19 emergency. The way in which they affect constitutive principles and fundamental rights, by opposing them to collective purposes is considered. The legal notion of "place of safety" is deepened to highlight the problematic nature of the Interministerial Decree 7 April 2020, n. 150 in terms of respect of fundamental rights and international law. Other legislative initiatives and praxis are taken into account as examples of a more general modality of intervention which, in the name of the protection of public health and safety, had controversial and unreasonable results also with respect to this purpose.

Nel quadro dell'esperienza della «Clinica legale per i diritti umani» dell'Università di Palermo (Cledu), il contributo tratta di alcune azioni specifiche condotte nei suoi primi anni di lavoro nell'ottica della costruzione di un "modello" di intervento sistemico, per poi descriverne la necessaria rimodulazione in risposta ai veloci mutamenti politico-normativi del periodo più recente. Sarà così possibile porre in luce alcune caratteristiche dell'approccio clinico-legale nell'Italia contemporanea, e del ruolo del giurista ad esso connesso.

Il contributo ripercorre la storia dell'asilo ritrovandone le radici nella legge ancestrale dell'ospitalità e nell'antico dovere di proteggere positivizzato, nell'età dei diritti, nel principio di non refoulement affermato dal diritto internazionale dei rifugiati. L'effettività di questo principio viene quindi posta in questione alla luce delle politiche migratorie contemporanee di chiusura dei confini, guardando a come esse si attuano oggi nel contesto del Mediterraneo centrale dove si assiste a un paradossale rovesciamento di ruoli tra chi viola e chi rispetta ancora il dovere di proteggere.

This article is devoted to the research of theoretical and practical issues of international institutions concerning the cooperation on the formation of anti-money laundering state regulation. The article provides an analysis of the main activity fields of intergovernmental institutions in the prevention of laundering "dirty" money. It is shown that the goal of consolidating the efforts of international structures is to integrate standards and recommendations into the mechanisms of public administration in order to ensure financial stability and integrity of state development as well as better financial supervision and control by the state.
It is noted that the problem of money laundering can not be solved only by creating new organizational forms of state control, extraordinary and punitive measures. It requires understanding of this phenomenon as having an economic, political, ethical, managerial and legal background. The process of state regulation of money laundering should apply to all employees of state authorities, administration, justice, (stipulated by the legislation of a number of countries) and public entities with public service functions, and not just so-called officials. Important regulations for the forms and procedures for monitoring civil servants, the availability and effectiveness of the code of ethics and behavior.
It is substantiated that the effectiveness of implementing measures to prevent corruption can not be achieved through single and non-systemic actions at different levels, but requires long-term socio-economic, political and legal transformations. This activity should be based on a combination of a number of preventive and repressive measures.
Thus, the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing is now considered as a priority direction in counteracting organized crime in most countries of the world and in the world community as a whole.

The article analyses the main stages of the state regulation formation processes that counteract the laundering of funds obtained by criminal means. In 1970, the United States of America (US) started the active fight against the laundering of "dirty" funds. It is proved that the US has the richest experience in counteracting the legalisation (laundering) of the proceeds of crime. In fact, state mechanisms to combat the legalisation of criminal incomes have been established long before the first Anti-Money Laundering (AML) legislations were adopted. The conducted analysis allowed this article to distinguish four key stages of money laundering: The emergence of activities related to laundering of criminal proceeds; Broad money laundering activities of organised crime; the emergence of the concept of "money laundering"; legislative regulation of this problem. The analysis of the legislation of foreign countries made it possible to identify problematic issues of a national character, that the effectiveness of counteraction to this dangerous phenomenon depends on their solution. In turn, it outlines a number of measures that should contribute to this: exchange of foreign currency should be carried out in accordance with clear rules; an electronic money transfer archive must be created; creation of mechanisms for monitoring compliance with international accounting standards; constant exchange of information between special units; continuous updating of information and carrying out of special researches on "money laundering"; adoption of international and national legal acts; creation and implementation of international anti-money laundering programs; introduction of obligations to transfer information to special bodies; strict adherence by individual countries of international standards in the area of combating money laundering; creation and expansion of training programs for the relevant banking professionals, law enforcement agencies, etc.; disclosure of information on the "black" list of countries that indulge in "laundering" of money in their territory. It was emphasized that the issue of control in executive bodies existed and exists in all countries, but has different ways of resolving it. This requires the formation of a new understanding of the system of state financial control, as well as a rethinking of the forms of its implementation, in modern conditions.