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This chapter describes and discusses the roles of media tools and technologies in the facilitation of violent extremism and terrorism. Rather than focusing on how media report on terrorism, we investigate how extremist and terrorist groups and movements themselves have exploited various "traditional" and "new" media tools, from print to digital, outlining the significance that they have had on extremists' ability to mark territory, intimidate some audiences, connect with other (sympathetic) audiences, radicalize, and even recruit. Underlined is that violent extremists and terrorists of all stripes have, over time, used every means at their disposal to forward their communicative goals. Also worth noting is that 'old' media tools are not extinct and while 'new' media play a prominent role in contemporary violent extremism and terrorism, 'old' tools—everything from murals to magazines—continue to be utilized in tandem with the former.

Part 1. Thinking About Right-wing Extremism in North America -- Chapter 1. Introduction (Barbara Perry, Jeffrey Greunewald, Ryan Scrivens) -- Chapter 2. Understanding Extremism: Frames of Analysis of the Far Right (Randy Blazak) -- Chapter 3. Blurring the Boundaries of Mainstream and Extreme: Contexts and Contours of Right-wing Extremism in Canada (Barbara Perry) -- Chapter 4. Trump and the Alt Right: The Mainstreaming of White Nationalism (Tanner Mirrlees) -- Chapter 5. Asymmetric Coverage of Asymmetric Violence: How the U.S. Print News Media Report Far Right Terrorism (Erin M. Kearns and Allison Betus) -- Chapter 6. Check All That Apply: Challenges in Tracking Ideological Movements That Motivate Far-Right Terrorism (Erin Miller, Elizabeth Yates, and Sheehan Kane) -- Part 2. Diversity Within the Right-wing Extremist Movement -- Chapter 7. 'We Are the News Now': The Role of Networked Conspiracy and the Quebec 'Tweetosphere' in Shaping the Narrative around the Anti-COVID-19 Restrictions (Samuel Tanner and Aurélie Campana) -- Chapter 8. By Ballot or by Bullet: Fantasies of Violence in the Patriot/Militia Movement in the United States (Sam Jackson) -- Chapter 9. Birds of a feather: A comparative analysis of white supremacist and violent male supremacist discourses (Meredith Pruden, Ayse Lokmanoglu, Anne Peterscheck, and Dr Yannick Veilleux-Lepage) -- Chapter 10. They're not all the same: a longitudinal comparison of violent and non-violent right-wing identities (Garth Davies, Ryan Scrivens, Tiana Gaudette, and Richard Frank) -- Chapter 11. No Longer Alone: Lone Wolves, Wolf Packs and Made for Web TV Specials (Jeffrey Kaplan) -- Part 3. Where the Action Is: Right-wing Extremist Activities -- Chapter 12. Far Right Extremist Violence in the United States (Steven Chermak, Joshua Freilich, , William Parkin, Jeff Gruenewald, Colleen Mills, Brent Klein, Leevia Dillon, and Celinet Duran) -- Chapter 13. Pathways to Hate: Applying an Integrated Social Control-Social Learning Model to Hate Violence by Far-Right Extremists (Colleen Mills) -- Chapter 14. Far-Right Extremists' Use of the Internet: Emerging Trends in the Empirical Literature (Ryan Scrivens, Tiana Gaudette, Maura Conway, and Thomas J. Holt) -- Chapter 15. Far-Right Violence and Extremism – Global Convergence(Arie Perliger and Michael Mills) -- Chapter 16. The Nexus of Right-Wing Extremism and the Canadian Armed Forces (Philip McCristall, David C. Hofmann, and Shayna Perry) -- Part 4. Responses to far-right extremism -- Chapter 17. More than Walking Away: Barriers to Disengagement among Former White Supremacists (Steven Windisch, Pete Simi, Kathleen Blee, and Matthew DeMichele ) -- Chapter 18. Confronting Online Extremism: Strategies, Promises, and Pitfalls (James Hawdon and Matthew Costello) -- 19. Criminal Justice Responses To Right-Wing Extremist Violence In The United States (Jeff Gruenewald, Katie Ratcliff, and Hayden Lucas).

Donald J. Trump's journey to the White House signaled the resurgence of right-wing populism in the United States. His campaign and his surprising electoral victory rode a wave of anti-elitism and xenophobia. He masterfully exploited the economic and cultural anxieties of white working class and petite bourgeois Americans by deflecting blame for their woes onto the "usual suspects," among them minorities, liberals, Muslims, professionals and immigrants. His rhetoric touched a chord, and in fact emboldened and energized white supremacist ideologies, identities, movements and practices in the United States and around the world. Indeed, the Trump Effect touched Canada as well. This paper explores how the American politics of hate unleashed by Trump's right-wing populist posturing galvanized Canadian white supremacist ideologies, identities, movements and practices. Following Trump's win, posters plastered on telephone poles in Canadian cities invited "white people" to visit alt-right websites. Neo-Nazis spray painted swastikas on a mosque, a synagogue and a church with a black pastor. Online, a reactionary white supremacist subculture violated hate speech laws with impunity while stereotyping and demonizing nonwhite people. Most strikingly, in January 2017, Canada witnessed its most deadly homegrown terrorist incident: Alexandre Bissonnete, a right-wing extremist and Trump supporter, murdered six men at the Islamic cultural centre of Quebec City. Our paper provides an overview of the manifestations of the Trump Effect in Canada. We also contextualize the antecedents of Trump's resonance in Canada, highlighting the conditions for and currents and characteristics of right-wing extremism in Canada.

Donald J. Trump's journey to the White House signaled the resurgence of right-wing populism in the United States. His campaign and his surprising electoral victory rode a wave of anti-elitism and xenophobia. He masterfully exploited the economic and cultural anxieties of white working class and petite bourgeois Americans by deflecting blame for their woes onto the "usual suspects," among them minorities, liberals, Muslims, professionals and immigrants. His rhetoric touched a chord, and in fact emboldened and energized white supremacist ideologies, identities, movements and practices in the United States and around the world. Indeed, the Trump Effect touched Canada as well. This paper explores how the American politics of hate unleashed by Trump's right-wing populist posturing galvanized Canadian white supremacist ideologies, identities, movements and practices. Following Trump's win, posters plastered on telephone poles in Canadian cities invited "white people" to visit alt-right websites. Neo-Nazis spray painted swastikas on a mosque, a synagogue and a church with a black pastor. Online, a reactionary white supremacist subculture violated hate speech laws with impunity while stereotyping and demonizing nonwhite people. Most strikingly, in January 2017, Canada witnessed its most deadly homegrown terrorist incident: Alexandre Bissonnete, a right-wing extremist and Trump supporter, murdered six men at the Islamic cultural centre of Quebec City. Our paper provides an overview of the manifestations of the Trump Effect in Canada. We also contextualize the antecedents of Trump's resonance in Canada, highlighting the conditions for and currents and characteristics of right-wing extremism in Canada.