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The subject of the study is the principles and approaches to the definition of strategies for regional disparities regulation. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to the formation of strategies for regional disparities regulation and their classification. The objectives of the study are to analyze the theoretical approaches to the formation of influence instruments on regional disproportions and practice of disparities regulation; identification of the essential factors that underlie the formation of strategies for disparities regulation; classification for strategies influencing the regional disproportions. The method of system analysis, grouping, classifications, and structural-functional method, and benchmarking method are used in the research. Approaches to the disparities regulation and formation of strategies for regulation of regional development disproportions are found. It has been determined that regional disparities have objective character, but it is the subject of regulation by the state regional policy instruments. It is proved that the basis for the classification of strategies for influencing on disparities is the combination of objective characteristics of disproportions with the possibilities of their regulation, as well as the socioeconomic characteristics of the disproportions and goals put into the base for regulation. It is determined that any kind of the disparities regulation strategy has countrywide character. The essential role of interregional cooperation in shaping of the strategies is shown. The results of the work can be applied for the working out of strategies of the influence on regional disproportions at the national level and in general on the formation of the state regional policy, and some approaches to the regulation of disproportions – for the development of interregional interaction mechanisms. The regulatory influence to disproportions should be carried out in order to prevent the transformation of disproportions into a destructive factor of regional ...

Introduction : living on a volcano -- How the crisis of socialism became a postsocialist crisis -- A state of emergency : the lived experience of postsocialist decline -- The routinization of crisis, or on the permanence of temporary conditions -- Permanent crisis, durable goods -- Building autonomy in everyday life -- What changes when life stands still

The last decade reflects undeniable rapid growth in intelligent connected mobility in the European Union and internationally. Whereas automotive producers united forces to address the projected technical difficulties vis-à-vis the deployment of Intelligent Connected Vehicles through coordinated efforts and partnerships, academia is committed to clarifying fundamental new regulatory concepts to reveal potential and foreseeable legal inconsistencies in such technological development. The lack of a determination of the fundamental legal concepts or the vague and ambiguous determination of essential regulatory concepts creates overall legal uncertainty and is considered an obstacle to ensuring the smooth market penetration of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in the European Union. This article claims its contribution to existing literature by integrating further unambiguous and specific regulatory concepts in the context of the regulation of Intelligent Connected Vehicles. This article addresses: (i) the prerequisites for uniform Intelligent Connected Vehicles' fundamental regulatory concepts based on complex retrospective analysis vis-à-vis road traffic accidents involving conventional vehicles and (ii) the prototype of regulatory concepts that need to be established and accurately distinguished for intelligent connected mobility 4.0, with the cross-border element at the European Union level.

Theaimof this article is to provide with the option of civil liability regulation of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) at the European Union level in the light of introduction of Connected Automated Driving (CAD) on the common market. ; Šio straipsnio tikslas– pasiūlyti automatizuotų transporto priemonių (ATP) civilinės atsakomybės reglamentavimą Europos Sąjungos dimensijoje atsižvelgiant į sukurtą automatizuotų transporto priemonių valdymą ES vidaus rinkoje.

Mobility and connectivity are now approaching a new era at the European Union dimension, where a driverless vehicle might become a new nuclear for an ecosystem, as well as make mobility safer, easier and more sustainable. The automated driving system is considered as the progress reached in the field of Artificial Intelligence, which opens a new horizon in road mobility.Vehicles that are able to interact with each other and other road users within the road infrastructure, might solve the range of issues on the common market, such as improving environmental conditions, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, road safety mobility at a service and even urban planning. However, new technological progress is coming alongside with a number of obstacles and foreseeable negative outcomes at the European Union level. In order to mitigate the new era of mobility and connectivity, a particular range of legal regulations have to be introduced.At this stage, technologies cannot be considered to be certainly safe, hence particular incidents might still take place. Seeking to ensure a smooth entrance into a new era of mobility and connectivity, the regulation of civil liability, which must be strictly determined, rises as a consequence of the autonomous vehicles usage.

Mobility and connectivity are now approaching a new era at the European Union dimension, where a driverless vehicle might become a new nuclear for an ecosystem, as well as make mobility safer, easier and more sustainable. The automated driving system is considered as the progress reached in the field of Artificial Intelligence, which opens a new horizon in road mobility.Vehicles that are able to interact with each other and other road users within the road infrastructure, might solve the range of issues on the common market, such as improving environmental conditions, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, road safety mobility at a service and even urban planning. However, new technological progress is coming alongside with a number of obstacles and foreseeable negative outcomes at the European Union level. In order to mitigate the new era of mobility and connectivity, a particular range of legal regulations have to be introduced.At this stage, technologies cannot be considered to be certainly safe, hence particular incidents might still take place. Seeking to ensure a smooth entrance into a new era of mobility and connectivity, the regulation of civil liability, which must be strictly determined, rises as a consequence of the autonomous vehicles usage.

Mobility and connectivity are now approaching a new era at the European Union dimension, where a driverless vehicle might become a new nuclear for an ecosystem, as well as make mobility safer, easier and more sustainable. The automated driving system is considered as the progress reached in the field of Artificial Intelligence, which opens a new horizon in road mobility.Vehicles that are able to interact with each other and other road users within the road infrastructure, might solve the range of issues on the common market, such as improving environmental conditions, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, road safety mobility at a service and even urban planning. However, new technological progress is coming alongside with a number of obstacles and foreseeable negative outcomes at the European Union level. In order to mitigate the new era of mobility and connectivity, a particular range of legal regulations have to be introduced.At this stage, technologies cannot be considered to be certainly safe, hence particular incidents might still take place. Seeking to ensure a smooth entrance into a new era of mobility and connectivity, the regulation of civil liability, which must be strictly determined, rises as a consequence of the autonomous vehicles usage.

Mobility and connectivity are now approaching a new era at the European Union dimension, where a driverless vehicle might become a new nuclear for an ecosystem, as well as make mobility safer, easier and more sustainable. The automated driving system is considered as the progress reached in the field of Artificial Intelligence, which opens a new horizon in road mobility.Vehicles that are able to interact with each other and other road users within the road infrastructure, might solve the range of issues on the common market, such as improving environmental conditions, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, road safety mobility at a service and even urban planning. However, new technological progress is coming alongside with a number of obstacles and foreseeable negative outcomes at the European Union level. In order to mitigate the new era of mobility and connectivity, a particular range of legal regulations have to be introduced.At this stage, technologies cannot be considered to be certainly safe, hence particular incidents might still take place. Seeking to ensure a smooth entrance into a new era of mobility and connectivity, the regulation of civil liability, which must be strictly determined, rises as a consequence of the autonomous vehicles usage.

The disparity of indicators of the development is a factor hindering the stable socio-economic development of the regions and forms a number of threats to create a consolidated economic space within the country, so they need to be evaluated in order to develop the tools influencing them. The problem of determination of factors influencing the disparity of regional development is considered in the paper. Published scientific works do not fully meet the needs for research on disparities due to the failure to take into account the levels of influence of individual indicators on dynamic development of regions. The aim of the study is to identify the main indicators that are socio-economic catalysts of the uneven development of regions based on a comprehensive assessment of the achieved level of socio-economic development of regional systems in Ukraine. There are some methods used in the study: taxonomic, grouping, cluster analysis, quartimax, correlation analysis. The paper proposes the mechanism that allows us to identify the key factors that determine the degree of disparity in the socio-economic development of regions. To describe such factors, the definition of a socio-economic catalyst and a retarder of development have been introduced. The calculated weighting factors are used to determine the force of influence of social and economic catalysts on the degree of uneven development of regions. It is revealed that the difference in the development of regions is more determined by economic factors and indicators that represent the welfare. The results of the research can be used to formulate a strategy for regulation of disparities in regional socio-economic development. The implemented methodology for assessing and analyzing interregional socio-economic unevenness and regional disproportions allows us to identify the key factors that determine the imbalance in socio-economic development of regions. Investigation of the factors that form the disparities in regional development allows us to form the systematic tool for influencing them.

The beginning of the 2020s ought to reflect a steady conclusion of the vast majority of the European Union's projects with regards to the new era of connectivity and mobility within the European Union dimension. We expect Intelligent Connected Vehicles (ICVs) to step into free circulation within the internal market. Since the operation of the ICVs depends on the number of data processing operations, data processing operations should be precisely determined and framed beforehand. ICVs data operations consist of extraordinarily large volumes and velocity of a data flow which previously existed in traditional relational database systems and could not have been processed within the desired timeframe. Even though the currently adopted database systems are ready to face the new level of data processing, a huge data stream is also faced with complex obstacles and new risks which have never been experienced beforehand. While seeking to ensure safe and secure introduction of a new level of data processing for connectivity and automation at the European Union market, the author precisely examines all potential risks and possibilities of integration into a uniform legal regulation to ensure secured ICVs data processing at all levels. The regulatory framework should document adequate security requirements and defences against ICVs attacks e.g. interference and remote-control interception.