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For a time it was almost a cliche to say that anthropology was a handmaiden of colonialism - by which was usually meant 'Western' colonialism. And this insinuation was assumed to somehow weaken the theoretical claims of anthropology and its fieldwork achievements.What this collection demonstrates is that colonialism was not only a Western phenomenon, but 'Eastern' as well. And that Japanese or Chinese anthropologists were also engaged in studying subject peoples.But wherever they were and whoever they were anthropologists always had a complex and problematic relationship with the colonial stat

Anthropology in colonial contexts: a tale of two countries and some / Jan van Bremen and Akitoshi Shimizu -- Anthropology in colonial contexts: the second Kamchatka expedition (1733-1743) and the Danish-German Arabia expedition (1761-1767) / Han F. Vermeulen -- Academic traditions, urban dynamics and colonial threat: the rise of ethnography in early modern Japan / Margarita Winkel -- From texts to bodies: Brian Houghton Hodgson and the emergence of ethnology in India / Peter Pels -- Nationalist anthropology in Taiwan 1945-1996, a reflexive survey / Fred Y.L. Chiu -- Colonialism and the development of modern anthropology in Japan / Akitoshi Shimizu -- Assimilation from within, appropriation from without: the folklore-studies and ethnology of Ryūkyū/Okinawa / Patrick Beillevaire -- Japanese colonialism and the investigation of Taiwanese 'old customs' / Timothy Y. Tsu -- The natives next-door: ethnology in colonial Korea / Boudewijn Walraven -- Japanese colonial policy and anthropology in Manchuria / Katsumi Nakao -- Staging ethnography: theatre and Japanese colonialism / Jennifer Robertson -- Toilet training, shame, and the influence of alien cultures: cultural anthropologists and American policy making for postwar Japan 1944-1945 / Rudolf V.A. Janssens -- Colonial ideologies and ethnological discourses: a comparison of the United Faculties at Leiden and Utrecht / Jan de Wolf -- Crossing borders, healing wounds: Leiden anthropology and the colonial encounter 1917-1949 / Michael Prager -- The Japanese and Dutch anthropology of insular South-East Asia in the colonial period 1879-1949 / Jan van Bremen -- Colonialism, anthropology and the politics of professionalisation: an argumentative afterword / Eyal Ben-Ari