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The application of conductive cooling for men working in different systems is discussed with respect to work load, heat stress, and clothing. Two types of conductive cooling are considered: circulating water, and ice. A brief review of the effects of whole and partial body cooling on the responses of man to heat stress serves as a basis for suggestions about desirable types of cooling which would allow the human operator to maintain satisfactory performance for extended periods.

The problem of orthostatic tolerance is discussed with respect to the factors affecting it, methods of assessment, and the analysis of orthostatic data. Orthostatic heart rate and blood pressure and responses of fainters and nonfainters measured by different methods are illustrated. It is shown that different tilt tables result in similar orthostatic responses, that results obtained in standing are not necessarily related to tilt-table responses, that qualitative and quantitative orthostatic responses are closely related, and that reclining heart rate alone can indicate tilt tolerance.