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The case study deals with the issue of the European Union as an actor in international relations. While based on an analysis of the first common EU naval military mission, EU NAVFOR Somalia, code-named Atalanta, the article intends to shed more light on how the EU paves the way to its getting recognized as an international actor. The author assumes that the EU aims at facilitating the process in two key dimensions: the virtual (i.e. material) and the intersubjective (i.e. idealogical) dimension. The consultation is meant to contribute to the epistemo-methodological debate about the essence and origins of the international recognition of the EU. Adapted from the source document.

This article explores one of the key dimensions of EU actorness -- external recognition. First, it analyzes the four fundamental dimensions of EU actorness (recognition, legitimacy, framing, and attractiveness) and shows in what ways recognition is linked to the three other aspects of actorness. Second, our text tackles the four dilemmas related to the debate about the EU's external recognition. These dilemmas include the source of recognition (external vs. internal); the conditions of recognition (material vs. formal); the nature of recognition (voluntaristic vs. non-voluntaristic); and the extent of recognition (comprehensive vs. partial or issue-related). Finally, the article draws some theoretical conclusions from this debate. Adapted from the source document.