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Our study is based on the methodology suggested by Faulkender and Wang (2006) in the Indian context, to discuss the various aspects of cash holding policy with respect to financially constrained (FC) and unconstrained firms. Primary goal of the study is to understand shareholders' perception on the level of cash holdings in constrained and unconstrained firms, and how much value they give to excess cash holdings with respect to cash level and capital structure of a firm. This study also analyzes the shareholders' perception, which is measured by stock return, and market value of asset, by determining the variation, in excess return and Tobin's Q over the last 10 years. The result shows less or no effect of excess cash holding either in average firms or in constrained firms. Findings also suggests that shareholders, prefer large firms to maintain excess cash for investment, or to fulfil their liabilities on time. Overall the findings determine the importance of cash level but also indicate the presence of other determinants of the firms, to enhance market return and build shareholders perception.

In this article, Matlab & Simulation software is used for analysis and comparison of 8(Eight) different MPPT. Different MPPT techniques that have been considered in this article are PWM-based, Perturb and Observation (P&O), Incremental Conductance (InC), and Modified InC (MIC) that comes under the Conventional Method. In the Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is chosen and in Hybrid method Neuro-Fuzzy Network (NFN) and Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been considered. PV module of 852.2 Watt is designed with the Boost Converter which can boost the voltage up to 185 Volt for all MPPT. A set of data has been taken for FLC, ANN, NFN, and ANFIS. After implementation, the result has been analyzed for standard test conditions and for the different environmental conditions. In this article, both irradiation and the temperature have been varied together for all MPPT rest are kept constant.

One of the most pressing issues in India today is medical malpractice. As a result of our own experience, we believe that medicine is one of the most honourable professions. We expect doctors to treat their patients with care, since they are the ones who will ultimately cure and heal them of whatever ailment or health condition they may have, and patients often see them as gods. A medical malpractice case is one in which a doctor, dentist, nurse or other health care practitioner mistreats a patient in a manner that is incompetent, incompetent, or negligent. The Supreme Court of India's ruling in Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shanta& Ors1 in 1995 expanded the definition of "service" under the 1986 Consumer Protection Act to include medical services. By enabling contractual patients to sue physicians in 'procedure-free' consumer protection courts for payment if they were harmed during treatment, this created a relationship between patients and medical providers. In India, the frequency of medical malpractice claims has increased while the quality of treatment has decreased. Examining individual instances of medical negligence may reveal the elements that lead to medical carelessness, as well as the role of the doctor-patient interaction.

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted business and viability of firms in the hospitality sector. This paper aims to examine the impact of perceived vulnerability of employees in this sector related to job loss and satisfaction with life. Additionally, it tests whether the impact is reduced for an individual possessing high emotional and financial well-being.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses cross-sectional data obtained through a survey of 312 hospitality sector employees. Using PLS-SEM, hypothesized relationships between constructs are tested.FindingsPerceived vulnerability of job loss negatively impacts satisfaction with life; however, this negative impact gets significantly reduced in the presence of emotional and financial well-being.Research limitations/implicationsThe results provide an impetus to focus on emotional and financial well-being to reduce employees' vulnerabilities and improve their life satisfaction. In the absence of specific relief programs by the Government and with reduced business activity, employers need to look for innovative ways for ensuring their own sustenance and employee well-being.Originality/valueThis study is one of the initial works on examining how perceived vulnerability of job loss induced by the pandemic on hospitality sector employees' impacts their satisfaction with life. It also makes a novel attempt to examine emotional well-being and financial well-being, as mediators in this relationship.